When achemist considers a chemical reaction, he generally asks himself threequestions: How fast is it? How complete is it? How selection is it? Somereactions are very fast and go to completion to yield a single product. Afamiliar example is the reaction of sodium and chlorine to form sodiumchloride. Other reactions, for instance the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen toform water, go very slowly at room temperature but are extremely fast at highertemperatures. They eventually go to completion to yield a single product. Mostreactions are very slow indeed. The chemist has to find ways to speed them up.If he is lucky, he can do that simply by raising the temperature (as in thereaction of hydrogen with oxygen). Unfortunately increasing the temperaturefrequently produces undesirable side effects.
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when a chemist considers a chemical reaction, he generally asks himself three questions: how fast is it? how complete is it? how ...
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when a chemist considers a chemical reaction, he generally asks himself three questions: how fast is it? how complete is it? how selection is it? some reactions are very fast and go to completion to yield a single product. a familiar example is the reaction of sodium and chlorine to form sodium chloride. other reactions, for instance the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to form water, go very slowly at room temperature but are extremely fast at higher temperatures. they eventually go to completion to yield a single product. most reactions are very slow indeed. the chemist has to find ways to speed them up. if he is lucky, he can do that simply by raising the temperature (as in the reaction of hydrogen with oxygen). unfortunately increasing the temperature frequently produces undesirable side effects. 当一个化学家考虑某一化学反应的时候,他一般都会问自己三个问题:该反应有多快?如何完成的?如何选择?有些反应是非常快速的,完成之后的产物是单一的,其中一个熟悉的例子就是钠和氯气形成氯化钠的反应。而其他许多反应,例如氢和氧形成水的反应,在室温下进行很慢,但在较高温度下反应却非常迅速。这些反应完成之后的产物也是单一的。正因为大多数反应的速度确实很慢,化学家不得不去寻找加快反应速度的办法。如果他幸运的话,他可以简单地通过提高温度(如氢与氧反应)的办法来加速。但不幸的是,增加温度也经常会产生不好的副作用。