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加压煤气化的产品方向? 河北新奥集团做煤加压催化气化,要制备 甲烷 . 还有晋煤集团好像加压气化还要做合成气/ 氢气 , 请问:现在以目前国内市场及技术成熟度来看,以什么产品为主比较好?查看更多 2个回答 . 4人已关注
2007年中国润滑油市场发展趋势以及2008年国内润滑油市场 ...? 2007年中国润滑油市场发展趋势 2006年底,中国将按照入世时的承诺,对外资全面开放国内成品油批发市场。毫无疑问,外来石油石化公司在中国市场新一轮的布局即将掀开大幕,而这也将对中国石油石化市场一块重要拼图——中国润滑油市场2007年的发展与布局产生影响。从近期举行的贯穿整个中国润滑油行业产业链的第七届中国国际润滑油、脂及调和技术设备展览会上,我们可以清晰看出中国润滑油行业的一些发展端倪。可以预见的是,润滑油外资品牌将持续发力,本土中小品牌的发展面临着一个临界点,而以昆仑润滑油为代表的本土名牌也将面临实现新飞跃的机遇与挑战。谁又能在这个需要英雄的时代脱颖而出?让我们一起展望2007年的中国润滑油市场。 强化本地化概念外来和尚要念中国经   从20世纪90年代初开始,一些著名外资润滑油企业就利用为进口汽车初装提供配套用油的机会,进入中国润滑油市场。随后他们又通过汽车特约维修厂指定品牌的方式形成在高端润滑油的优势地位。而随着全面开放成品油市场日期的临近,外来石油石化公司渗透中国市场的力度也在逐步加大。   我们发现,目前在成品油分销市场,外资公司的产业链和组织机构日渐完善。而在开放时间较早、开放程度较高的润滑油领域,欧美公司早已成为投资的重要力量,他们进入中国市场后,即通过各种方式开始了本地化的进程。今年9 月,壳牌收购了统一石化旗下两家公司75%的股份,引起业界关注。而在第七届润滑油、脂展览会上,阿布扎比石油公司等中东石油公司纷纷亮相,美国亚什兰胜牌更是成为展览会钻石赞助商,可见外来品牌进军中国市场的决心。在现场记者看到,埃克森美孚的展台还借鉴了中国传统建筑设计因素,甚至现场摆放了中国古典的红木家具,鲜明的打出中国本地化的大旗。   业内分析人士认为,成品油批发市场放开后,外来品牌将取得成品油批发权和进出口经营权,他们将进一步加快投资,全面布局我国成品油市场,由此无疑也将对还未开放的润滑油市场产生渗透影响。除油品销售业务外,外来品牌还会积极将本地化工作推向销售渠道、营销管理。比如:外来品牌将继续完善东南地区的销售网络,并向内地和西部拓展;加快建设独资油品销售公司,并对先前建立的合资公司进行增资扩股等。当然,这绝非一朝一夕能够完成的,而且由于地区文化的差异,外来品牌本地化的进程肯定会有许多困难和阻碍,能否为中国消费者所接受目前还是个未知数。 做强细分市场本土中小品牌发展之道   为了应对国际大牌不断渗入中国润滑油市场而带来的冲击,本土润滑油中小品牌也在寻求积极的改变。在第七届润滑油展览会上可以看出,本土润滑油品牌呈现出深耕细分市场的发展思路。如山东一家润滑油公司专攻超低噪音润滑油这一领域等。除了在不同的路况开发不同的产品外,本土润滑油中小品牌也可以考虑结合不同季节,不同气候条件,做细润滑油的品类。本土润滑油中小品牌只有收拢五指成拳,将核心力量用于细分市场的深耕细作上,才能营造自己的一片生存空间。   此外,民营润滑油中小品牌做好细分市场的优势还体现在经营好渠道终端上。润滑油的销售最终体现在渠道的竞争上,而渠道的竞争又表现为终端的竞争。对于润滑油的终端建设来说,只有不断的贴近消费者,才能满足消费者的多元的信息和服务需求。终端资源的整合是终端建设的重要工作,针对不同的终端资源,本土润滑油中小品牌应该灵活制订相应的营销对策,在终端资源的组合利用和管理上体现自己的价值和优势。   令民营中小润滑油品牌应该感到鼓舞的是,他们已在润滑油销售、加油站等 石油化工 的部分领域和下游加工销售领域取得了显著进展。目前,民营包括合资在内的加油站数目占全国加油站总数的约一半左右,一些民营企业已取得原油进口权、燃料油进口权等。专家预计,如果本土润滑油中小品牌能够用开放的眼光面对市场变化,杜绝出现类似润滑油掺加植物油等“行规”短视行为的出现,那么,“十一五” 期间走向规范的民营中小品牌将在润滑油等领域取得更大发展。 本土心国际化润滑油民族名牌全面彰显整体优势   近几年来,本土润滑油知名品牌如昆仑等迅速崛起,不但具备雄厚的整体实力,更采取高空广告资源投放与地面多元营销手段配合,同时与汽车厂商紧密合作等策略举措,从源头攻占市场,成功夺回了部分一直被国外品牌占据的高档润滑油市场,使外资公司的高档润滑油市场份额由原来的80%下降到目前的60%。   据记者了解,凭借雄厚的科研实力和对中国车况、路况、气候环境等因素的精准把握,昆仑润滑油等本土名牌推出一系列具有良好的本土适应性的润滑油产品,受到消费者的青睐与认可。昆仑负责人表示,昆仑润滑油不但在耐磨、抗氧化等多项指标上丝毫不输于洋品牌,此外,国内润滑油名企产品的本土适应性和性价比较之外来品牌也是一大优势。在2006年成功将洋品牌请下神坛之后,本土润滑油名牌将继续深耕渠道管理、品牌建设等基础工作,夯实内功基础,争取更大的突破。   日前,记者在第七届润滑油、脂展览会上看到,昆仑等国有润滑油大品牌展示出了雄厚的品牌和产品技术实力,从润滑油到脂系列再到各类养护用品,产品品种完善,涵盖了汽轮机油、 柴油机油 、 重负荷车辆齿轮油 等各个产品系列。昆仑负责人告诉记者,昆仑润滑油与汽车产业链的联系也日益紧密,其研发工作就始终坚持“车油合一”的思路,从根本上满足本土消费者需求。同时,凭借强大的加油站终端网络,昆仑润滑油也在尝试对一些规模较大的加油站进行资源整合,实现汽车加油、养护等一条龙服务的模式。而从昆仑在展会上对展台的全面、立体的包装上,我们也可以看到国有润滑油大型企业在品牌意识上的进步。 今年的润滑油展览会上,以昆仑润滑油为首的本土润滑油企业还鲜明的提出了国际化的概念,这无疑暗合了中国能源产业链 2007年与国际融合的趋势。本土润滑油企业正在迅速崛起,企业和品牌实力不断增强,已具备走上国际化的大舞台的能力。以中国石油昆仑润滑油为首的本土润滑油大牌在引领本土品牌致力做强品牌、强化研发生产实力、加强管理,做强中国润滑油市场的同时,也抓住发展契机,坚持“走出去”的方针,通过赞助国际汽车、体育赛事以及产品外销的方式,来防御润滑油外来品牌大肆进入中国市场“狼来了”的影响。 2008年国内润滑油市场简析 相对于过去的一年,08年对于润滑油行业并没有新的变化,从全球范围来讲,润滑油的需求仍然保持了稳定的增长趋势,同时基础油价格也将在高油价的影响下保持比较平稳的高位运行。在国内润滑油市场,品牌竞争激烈,但对于民营企业的压力将更大,产品线收缩成为必然,利润将受很大的影响。 一、外部整体环境: 1.国际油价将在60-90美元波动,众多机构均将原油价格预期调高   2.基础油价格保持高位运行,化工及添加剂产品价格跟随走高   3.国外石油公司更加关注中国市场,体现优胜劣汰。   4.国内经济仍将保持增长,增速减慢。   5.机械装备制造业仍将保持快速增长的趋势。带动油品消费。   6.进入高成本时代,企业毛利率整体下降 二、润滑油行业市场趋势 1.国内上游企业对于市场竞争的观点将有力改变民营企业生存环境,或拓展或萎缩,成为企业战略选择之一。   2.利益平衡影响市场发展,决定昆仑与长城发展将成主流,但民营企业生存空间仍然存在,但必须变革,不能以己之短与人之长争。   3.跨国石油巨头并购潮将告一段落,目前还很难选出另一家具备个性的润滑油企业。   4.可预见的是,在高成本时代,国内企业毛利率将有所下降。   5.从基础油市场发展来看,再向上走高可能性不大,但在春节后仍将走出一轮行情,这已经在国际市场体现。保持平稳或可能,但支撑力不足,尤其是采购商的意愿不强烈,如果超同合理利润范围,将迫使部分企业缩减或转型。   6.品牌混杂的局面,导致无序与恶性竞争,影响整体环境。   7.环保、节能要求进一步提高,替代能源发展,各类天然气、甲醇汽油、乙醇汽油等新燃料应用,车用油品需要提升品质。   8.技术营销更受重视,深入企业成为多数选择。   9、润滑油消费量增长减缓。 三、润滑油产品发展 1、新型环保、节能产品开发成为一个新亮点,但在技术与应用方面要实现突破才能长久立足。   2、受成本压力影响,国内民营企业将进一步缩减CD、SF及以下低档产品的市场份额,转而向CF、CF-4、CH-4、SG、SH、SJ级别发展。   3、多级油应用将更加广泛,单级油市场进一步萎缩。   4、产品新技术、新概念将不断注入。   5、工业油领域的产品竞争加剧,包括国外企业、昆仑、长城以及其它民企将加大在工业市场的力度。   6、2008年润滑油产品价格将进一步调高,这已经是大势所趋。 查看更多 0个回答 . 2人已关注
美国人挂在嘴边的100句子---其文化和价值观? 1-----You can't argue with success Though you may tell someone they are doing something in a wrong way, you have to stop criticizing them if their method works. 2-----Nothing succeeds like success Like money in a savings account, success seems to compound itself. A person who has a small success expects it to be followed by a bigger one. 3-----The end justifies the means It does not matter how you succeed. Any method is all right if it works for you. This proverb is not always accepted. Often one hears the opposite, " the end doesn't justifies the means." 4-----If you can't beat them, join them If you cannot compete successfully with a person or a group, stop competing and go join them. Then you can share in their success. 5-----Always a day late and a dollar short A criticism of a person who never succeeds. The failures may not be drastic but the pattern of small failures is annoying to others, especially in two areas that Americans value as highly as time and money. 6-----One thing at a time Concentration leads to success. The person who tires to do too many things at once may fail at all of them. 7-----We'll cross that bridge when we come to it We will not discuss or worry about a future problem. If and when the problem becomes urgent, we will deal with it. 8-----Don't put the cart before the hourse Do things in a sensible order. For example, do something to impress your boss before you ask for a raise in pay. Don't ask for the raise first. 9-----All's fair in love and war Do not trust a rival or an enemy at all. His or her desire to succeed will overrule everything else. Such a people may lie, cheat, attack or do many other things far more terrible than he or she would normally do. 10-----When in Rome do as the romans do Flexibility leads to success in unfamiliar circumstances. People may changes their normal way of doing things in order to fit in better with those they are visiting. 11------Easy does it Some things require gentleness for success. One should not push too hard. Force may cause damage 12-----The bigger they are, the harder they fall Do not be discouraged by the size of your problem or the fame of your competitor. (the saying is traced to a boxer preparing to fight an opponent much larger than he was.) 13-----All is well that ends well If we can come to a successful conclusion, let us forget about the pain and mistakes along the way. 14-----Go for it Go ahead and try to achieve your goal. Don't worry about failing. Similar to this proverb--God provides food to every bird, but he won't cast to its nest, you got to earn it. 15-----Every little bit helps If someone apologizes for giving only a small gift, the recipient may encourage the giver by quoting this proverb. This is especially true if there is a huge job to do or a huge amount of money to be raised from many people. 16-----Look before you leap Don't jump into a situation carelessly. You may land in difficulty. 17-----All that glitters is not gold Do not be fooled by worthless things that seem valuable or look attractive. "Fool's gold " is the popular name for a kind of stone that glitters like gold but contains no gold at all. 18------Curiosity killed the cat Do not ask too many questions or become too curious about things. You may get yourself into trouble like a cat that does not see the danger in a new situation. 19-----Don't put all your eggs in one basket Do not risk everything in one place or on one project. Divide your sources that one failure will not ruin you. Similar to this proverb--- Do not use both feet to test the depth of the river. 20-----Don't bite off more than you can chew Do not attempt something too large for you to handle. 21-----Too good to be ture This is often used to warn about advertising. An offer looks good but turns out to be misleading. 22-----Flattery will get you nowhere If flattery (insincere praise) is recognized, it will not succeed. One sometimes hears the opposite, Flattery will get you everywhere. 23-----There is no such thing as a free lunch If someone you do not know offers you a free lunch or other gift, watch out. The gift may be a method of getting something from you. 24------Pride goes before a fall Do not be over-confident and careless. Your circumstances may change quickly and the emptiness of your bragging will be exposed. 25------Better safe than sorry It is better not to take a risk than to take a risk foolishly. 26-----Winning isn't everything One may enjoy the process of playing a game whether one wins or not. This traditional proverb is now often heard in the opposite form, Winning isn't everything. It's the only thing! 27------Time will tell Wait and see how something will work out. Don't trust a person or thing too much right now. 28-----The burned child shuns fire Some of life's lessons are learned the hard way. The person who has had to pay for a mistake will be careful not to make that mistake again. 29-----There are other fish in the sea There are opportunities! For example, this may be used to encourage someone who has just broken off a relationship with a sweetheart. 30-----Don't count your chickens before they are hatched Do not become too confident of success before you can see that progress is happening. 31-----Rome wasn't built in a day Do not be discouraged if your goal still seems far away. On a big project, success takes time! 32-----There is more here than meets the eye Be careful. People are hiding something in order to protect themselves or take advantage of you. 33-----The customer is always right Businesses instruct their clerks not to do anything that might threaten a customer's self-esteem, no matter how unreasonable the customer is. Any complaint of any customer must be carefully and politely heard by any employee. The customer must not be made to feel ignorant. 34-----Be true to yourself Do not compromise yourself or your beliefs in order to please other people or fit in with a system. Know who you are. Let other people know what you stand for. Do not give in to pressure to conform or to do things you do not agree with. 35-----Once bitten, twice shy This may be used to explain the behavior of a person who is overly cautious about something. The wise person makes mistakes but does not usually make the same mistake twice. 36-----It isn't over till the fat lady sings I refuse to admit defeat yet. Though right now it looks like I may fall, there is still time for things to change. (The "fat lady" is an insulting reference to an opera soloist, opera often end with a female solo.) 37-----To each his own Each individual should be allowed to have his or her own preferences. people will naturally choose different activities, goals, lifes, etc. 38-----Looking out for number one Looking out for one's own personal welfare more than anything else. This is sometimes used to criticize a person who has abused or taken advantage of someone else, "All he was doing was looking out for number one." Or it may be used to defend himself or herself, "There is nothing wrong with what I did. I was just looking out for number one." 39-----When the going gets tough, the tough get going When situation is difficult, only the determined people can handle it. They don't give up! 40-----Times flies when you are having fun A day seems shot when it is full of enjoyable things but it seems like an eternity if one is idle or stuck with a boring job. 41-----If it feels good, do it Live according to your desires at the moment. Forget about rules, regulations or consequences. Just have fun. 42-----Live and let live Do not be judgmental. Do not try to control or punish other people. You live as you like and let others live as they like. 43-----Variety is the spice of life Variety is what makes life pleasureable. Boredom is seen as a threat and monotony is the surest route to boredom. 44------Money talks Wealth has influence. People who make big contributions to political candidates are "talking" to the candidates and expecting them to listen. 45-----All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy This is used to criticize someone who takes work too seriously. It affirms that play is as an essential part of human life. 46-----The more the merrier This is a way of welcoming someone to participate. It means, the bigger the group, the bigger the party. 47------A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush A thing you already have is worth twice as much as a thing you might get in the future. 48-----You can't have your cake and eat it too Make up your mind. Sometimes one must choose between two very desirable things, giving up one thing in order to enjoy the other. 49-----There is more than one way to skin a cat Any of several methods may bring about the desired result. Each person may choose the method that best suits her. If one method does not work, choose a different one and try again. 50-----One man's meat is another man's poison Since the same thing may affect different people in different ways, each person must choose the things that will work in his or her particular case. 51-----Love finds a way Love is considered one of the most powerful and determined forces in the world. Two people in love will "find a way" to get together. 52-----Absence makes the heart grow fonder When lovers are separated, they may think about each other constantly. their love may deepen. 53-----Out of sight, out of mind This is said of someone not considered important or worthy of loyalty. One forgets about that person as soon as he or she is out of sight. 54------Love makes the world go around Love is the driving force in all of life. Love makes life worth living. If you understand love,you understand everything about life. 55-----Marry in haste and repent at leisure Do not rush into any long-term commitment. In the past this meant, "take your time before you commit yourself to a marriage partner. " Now it means, "Do not commit yourself to anyone you will be sorry." or it may mean, "Live with a person for a while before marrying him or her." It may also apply to any long-term partnership, such as a joint business venture. 56------Talk is cheap Talking is not doing, It is easy to talk about a plan, but this gets little respect untill one takes a risk and puts the plan into action. 57-----Love is blind When people are in love, they do not see each other's faults. 58-----Time is money Time can be converted to money, that is, wages are often paid per hour of work. Managers want employees to do things quickly because "time is money." If employees waste time, the company loses money. 59-----If you're so smart, why ain't you rich This question implies that intelligence, like time, can be converted into money. It is used to cut down an ordinary person (not a rich one) who has expressed an opinion as if it is the final word on the subject. 60-----Beggars can't be choosers Beggars have to accept whatever they get. A poor person has very few choices in life. This harsh reply may be used if people complain about the size or quality of a gift. 61-----The love of money is the root of all evil Greed will lead a person into many other evils such as cheating, oppression and violence. (one also hears, money is the root of all evil, which places the blame more on money than on greed.) 62-----A fool and his money are soon parted Folly will always show up in the way a fool handles money. Wise people are the ones smart enough to guard money once they have it. 63-----It isn't whether you win or lose, it's how you play the game Playing well and fairly is more important than succeeding. This saying is sometimes used to console someone who has lost a game. The ideas is that in spite of losing, one may still feel like a success if one has played as well as possible. 64-----Money can't buy happiness There are some things money just can't buy. This reminds people that money is not an ultimate value although it often is treated as one. The saying may be used as a comment when a wealthy but lonely and wretched person commits suicide. 65-----Nice guys finish last Success is valued more highly than kindness and politeness. If unkindness and impoliteness contribute to one's success, they are sometimes excused as "toughness" or "what it takes." This is more often applied to men than woman. 66-----The one who dies with the most toys wins This recent, cynical saying makes fun of three common American desires-- competing, accumulating property, and having fun. 67-----Just do it This proverb is actually a recently invented advertising slogan for the Nike Shoe company. It may also be the best three-word summary of American cultural values. It means, "quit being indecisive, Don't bother consulting a lot of people. Don't waste much times on planning. Just do it and do it now. 68-----You only go around once in life Enjoy life, do what you want to do, experience everything you can. 69-----Put your money where your mouth is Get serious about what you are saying. When you have spoken in favor of something, prove that you mean it by risking some money on it in a bet or an investment. 70-----The best defense is a good offense Be pro-active and goal-oriented, not timid or conservative. Aim to conquer, not merely to protect yourself. 71-----The road to hell is paved with good intentions Like talking, intending is not doing. Actions matter far more than intentions. Actions determine where a person ends up. 72-----Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today Doing is better than waiting. If you wait, you might lose your opportunity 73-----Action speak louder than words To know people's hearts, pay more attention to what they do than what they say. 74-----Idle hands are the devil's workshop When people have nothing constructive to do, they get into mischief. The child who is bored may pick up a crayon and color on the wall, something that would not happen if the child were happily occupied in some other activity. 75-----You've got to take the bull by the horns Grab directly and fearlessly for the toughnest part of a problem. Don't look for an easy way out. 76-----Money doesn't grow on trees You have to work for things. Success does not come on its own. 77-----Easy come, easy go If you have received something without working for it, it may soon be gone. You will not be as careful with it as you will be with something you earned. 78-----Too many cooks spoil the broth Individual action or action by the smallest group possible is better than consulting a lot of people. Too much consultation will waste time and create problems. 79-----Stand on your own two feet Grow up; act like an adult. Don't ask me to do something for you. This may be said to a young or immature person who depends too much on others. It is like a cow kicking a grown calf that wants to suckle. 80------If you want something done right, do it yourself This discourages people from trusting anyone except themselves. It maybe said to someone who ask another person to do a job for him/her and then complains about it was done. 81------Necessity is the mother of invention When a person really needs something, he or she figures out some new way to get it. This creative initiative to change one's situation is considered much better than giving up and accepting things as they are. 82------First come, first served. This saying is used when there is a limited supply of something such as tickets to an event or food at a picnic. The idea is that no matter what your status, if you want some of what is being given away or sold, you must present yourself in person and in good time. 83-----No pain no gain one must put forth an effort in order to succeed. This saying comes from physical fitness instructors. They say that if you do not exercise hard enough to make your muscles hurt, the exercise is not doing you much good. 84-----Give him an inch and he'll take a mile Be careful of presumptuous people who take more initiative than they should. If you do someone a small favor or delegate a little permission or a little power, he or she may take advantage of you. 85-----If it isn't broke, don't fix it Do not bother trying to improve something if it is already working satisfactorily. That is a waste of time and you run the risk of breaking the thing while you are trying to improve it. 86-----There is no harm in trying A person expects to be respected for making an effort even if it does not succeed. 87-----The cure is worse than the disease While trying to solve one problem, we create an even bigger problem. We would have been better off if we had done nothing. 88-----Count to ten before you lose your temper Do not instantly let your feelings control your actions. Slow down. Think before you react. 89-----All things come to him who waits Sometimes patience is better than initiative. 90-----There is many a slip between the cup and the lip This refers to a plan that has gone wrong. When one is drinking from a cup, one intends to get all the drink into the mouth, but this does not always happen. The plan is good but it can still fail. 91-----Boys will be boys People will act according to their nature, including some mischief. 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简介
职业:杭州盛弗泰新材料科技有限公司 - 给排水工程师
学校:电子科技大学中山学院 - 化学生物系
地区:甘肃省
个人简介:最甜美的是爱情,最苦涩的也是爱情。查看更多
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