关于膨胀节？ it is customary to evaluate the necessity for shellside expansion joints for fixed tubesheet shell-and-tube heat exchangers, based on the average metal wall temperature (tube and shell) derived from thermal rating calcualtion and based upon simultaneous flows in both sides of the exchanger at most severe of the "normal" operating cases. all sets of operating conditions must be reviewed by process, system, and heat transfer to determine which is controlling in this regard. 1) normal operating conditions 2) shellside start-up, no fluid tubeside 3) tubesdie start-up, no fluid shellside; shell at most severe ambient temperature 4) shellside pressure failure 5) tubeside pressure failure 6) specified turn-down operating conditions 7) hydrotatic test 8) "steam-out" or other cleaning procedures, when specified. all the above cases shall be considered for expansion joint.查看更多
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