求指导 大家看看会翻译吗 看看有什么错误 求指教? ABSTRACT In the refining industry, the business need to work with opportunitycrudes, an essential element of current day reality, has meant that refinery operators face substantialrisk of corrosion damage in both the atmospheric unit and the vacuum unit. The atmospheric unit, alsocalled the crude distillation unit (CDU), is often exposed to increased levels of chlorides and sulfurspecies, leading to substantial corrosion issues related to the species that manifest in crude overheadoperations. These corrosion issues include: (a) under deposit corrosion due to sublimating speciessuch as ammonium chloride, (b) aqueous corrosion due to hydrochloric acid (HCl) or acidic sulfur species,and (c) fouling issues related to the build-up of sublimating species. Often, the principal cause forthese problems may be correlated to high chloride content in the crude coming out of the desalter orinadequate controls to ensure conditions for fractionation operations above aqueous dew point. The difficulty in predicting and assessing the contribution and severityof these corrosion / fouling problems stems from the significant complexity of the chemistry involvedand the inadequate documented experience correlating speciation of contaminants from thecrude feed to the corrosion problem. The purpose of this paper will be to: (a) review publishedliterature to characterize and classify speciation related to the types of impurities encountered inopportunity crudes; and (b) describe and categorize published case studies of corrosion in crude unit overheadoperations. In doing so, the authors will attempt to delineate the primary corrosion problemsencountered in CDU overhead systems, parametric components or species in the crude that drivecorrosion, and gaps in technology that require additional study. Key words: crude overhead, salt hydrolysis, HCl, ammonium chloride, dewpoint, salt formation, fouling, neutralizer, ammonia, amine, film-forming inhibitors [ 摘 要 ] 在炼油行业,原油企业需要业务需求与机会,目前每天要面对现实的一个基本要素,意味着炼油厂运营商面临的腐蚀破坏在大气单元和真空单元这两个单元的存在相当大的风险。大气单元,也称为原油蒸馏单元(CDU),通常指被暴露于氯和硫物质的含量增加,导致相关的一些表现在原油架空作业物种严重腐蚀问题。这些腐蚀问题包括:(a)根据矿床腐蚀引起升华类如 氯化铵 (b)水溶液的腐蚀是由盐酸(HCl)或酸性硫物种,以及(c)结垢相关的积聚升华的一类问题。通常情况下,对于这些问题的主要原因可能与其在粗进料的脱盐或控制不足,以确保上述水露点分馏操作条件下的高氯化物含量。 在预测和评估这些腐蚀/结垢问题的贡献和严重程度的难点源于所涉及的化学的显著复杂性,和所记录经验不足相关联的污染物的形态从粗进料进料的腐蚀问题。本文的目的将是:(a)查阅已出版的文献中用来描述和有关原油杂质的分类形态种类;(b)描述和分类在腐蚀原油蒸馏装置架空作业的出版案例研究。在这样做时,作者将试图描绘在CDU开销的系统,参数化的部件或物种中驱动腐蚀的粗遇到的主要腐蚀问题,并存在技术空白,需要更多的研究。 [ 关键词] 粗开销,盐的水解,盐酸,氯化铵,露点,形成盐,结垢,中和剂,氨,胺,成膜 抑制剂 查看更多3个回答 . 5人已关注