哪位有SG-22有关控制室设计指南？ 在文库找到了SG-22“siting and construction of new control houses for chemical manufacturing plants”，但是缺少关键的10-12页，哪位有此指南，请赐教！查看更多0个回答 . 1人已关注
20%的氟/氮混合物？ 20% 的氟/氮混合物 Warning: Improper storage, handling, or use of fluorine mixtures can result in serious injury and/or property damage. Use this product in accordance with the Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for 20% fluorine, balance nitrogen (Pub. No. 320-9202). 警告：氟混合物的不正确储存、操作或使用会导致严重伤害和/或财产损失。按照 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 的材料安全数据表 (MSDS) 来使用本产品。 General 概述 20% fluorine with the balance being nitrogen is a mixture of two permanent gases. They will not separate during shipment, storage, or use. The mixture is a toxic, nonflammable, compressed gas packaged in cylinders and tube trailers at high pressure (>2000 psig).It is also an oxidizer and will readily enhance combustion. It has a sharp, pungent odor that can be detected by most people at very low levels, normally well below 1 ppm. 氮作为平衡物的 20% 的氟是一个两种永久气体的混合物。在运输、储存或使用中它们不会分开。混合物是有毒、不可燃的压缩气体，以很高的压力 (>2000 psig) 包装在钢瓶和管道拖车里。它还是一种 氧化剂 ，很容易促进燃烧。它有一种强烈的刺激性气味，在很低的水平，通常远小于 1 ppm ，大多数人都能闻到。 Toxicity 毒性 Fluorine is the toxic component in this mixture. It is very irritating and corrosive to all living tissue. Pure fluorine has an L C50 of 185 ppm (1 hr. rat). Nitrogen is a simple asphyxiant and considered nontoxic. This mixture is less toxic than pure fluorine. 氟是混合物里的有毒成分。它对所有的活体都有极强的刺激性和腐蚀性。纯氟的 L C50 为 185 ppm (1 hr. rat 小时 . 老鼠 ) 。氮仅仅是窒息剂，认为是无毒的。混合物的毒性比纯氟弱。 20% Fluorine/Nitrogen 氟/氮 : L C50 = 925 ppm 1 hr. rat 小时 . 老鼠 (calculated 计算的 ) Chronic fluorine exposure may cause abnormal calcium accumulation in bone structure (fluorosis) due to low-level systemic absorption. 慢性氟暴露会导致由于低水平的系统吸收引起的在骨骼结构里的异常钙积累（氟中毒）。 The irritation caused by fluorine appears to be less than that caused by chlorine at equal concentrations. The potential for the formation of hydrogen fluoride exists with every exposure; therefore, its toxicity must also be considered. Depending on conditions, hydrogen fluoride may convert to hydrofluoric acid (aqueous) at varying concentrations. When aqueous hydrofluoric acid concentration is below fifty percent, it has delayed (up to six hours) symptoms of exposure. In addition, when fluorine mixtures are involved in a fire, the products of combustion can also be toxic. 在同样浓度下，氟所引起的刺激性看起来比氯引起的小。每一次暴露都有生成氟化氢的可能性；因此，它的毒性也必须考虑。根据条件，氟化氢可以在多种浓度下转化成氢氟酸（水成的）。当水成氢氟酸的浓度低于 50% 时，它有延迟（大到 6 个小时）的暴露症状。另外，当氟混合物卷入起火时，燃烧产物也是有毒的。 Note: In Airopak ® systems the fluorine/nitrogen mixtures are blended with additional nitrogen to lower the concentration to approximately 1%. The toxicity and reactivity of 1% fluorine/nitrogen is considerably less than pure fluorine. The L C50 for a mixture with this concentration would be 18,500 ppm(1.85%). 注意：在 Airopak ® 系统里，氟/氮混合物同额外的氮混合在一起，浓度降低到 1% 。 1% 浓度的氟/氮混合物的毒性和反应活性比纯氟小了很多。该浓度的混合物的 L C50 将是 18,500 ppm(1.85%) 。 Exposure Limits 暴露极限 Fluorine 氟 Nitrogen 氮 OSHA: PEL-TWA 0.1 ppm Not Established 未确定 ACGIH: TLV-TWA 1 ppm Simple Asphyxiant 简单的窒息剂 NIOSH: IDLH 25 ppm Not Established 未确定 First Aid 急救 It is very important to preplan first aid and treatment for fluorine and hydro-fluoric acid exposures because of their unique properties. Supply local medical facilities with information on treatment, and ensure that materials and procedures for treatment are in place. 因为它们的独特性质，对氟和氢氟酸暴露的急救和处理预先计划是非常重要的。要为当地的医疗机构提供关于处理的资料，以确保用于处理的材料和程序就位。 Inhalation: Move exposed personnel to an uncontaminated area. If victim is not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give supplemental oxygen. Excessive acute exposure may cause delayed pulmonary edema (fluid buildup) to occur. Patients who experience excessive exposure should be kept under medical observation for at least 24 hours. 吸入： 将患者转移到无污染区域。如呼吸停止，进行人工呼吸。 如果呼吸困难，输氧。过分剧烈暴露会导致肺水肿（流体积累）。对受到过量暴露的病人应该医学观察至少 24 小时。 Eye Contact: Flush eyes with large quantities of water. Hold eyelids open with fingers to ensure complete flushing. Continue for a minimum of 30 minutes. Significant exposure requires prompt medical attention. 眼睛接触： 用大量的水冲洗眼睛。用手指翻开眼睑，以确保彻底的冲洗。持续最少 30 分钟。大量暴露要求迅速的医疗处理。 Skin Contact: Flush with large quantities of water. Remove affected clothing. Soak the affected area in iced 0.24%Hyamine 1662 (benzethonium chloride)solution. If soaking is impractical, cover burn area with compresses that have been immersed in this solution. Change compresses every five minutes to ensure fresh Hyamine is in contact with the skin. This compound binds the active fluorides in an insoluble form, thus limiting extension of burn and relieving pain. Applying 2.5% calcium gluconategel or slurry in water or glycerine is an alternate treatment for small or minor burns. 皮肤接触： 用大量的水冲洗。脱掉受到影响的衣物。用冰冻的 0.24% 的季铵盐 1662 溶液浸泡患处。如果无法浸泡，用已经浸过这种溶液的敷布覆盖烧伤区域。每 5 分钟换一次敷布，以确保季铵盐接触到皮肤。这种化合物以一种不能溶解的形式约束了活泼的氟化物，因而限制了烧伤的扩展和减轻了痛苦。应用 2.5% 葡萄糖酸钙 或软膏或甘油是处理轻微烧伤的代替方法。 Note: Follow the above treatment for burns resulting from contact with hydrofluoric acid. This acid may be formed in fluorine handling systems. 注意：对于接触氢氟酸引起的烧伤要遵循上述处理办法。在氟操作系统中可能生成这种酸。 Protective Equipment 防护装备 General Use: Use of a respirator* with a dust filter is recommended when exposure to metal fluorides is possible. Wear leather work gloves, safety glasses, and safety shoes when handling cylinders. Wear loose-fitting leather gloves, face shield, safety glasses, and long-sleeved shirt or jacket when connecting, disconnecting, or opening cylinders, or whenever the possibility for exposure exists. 一般的使用：当有可能暴露于金属氟化物时，推荐使用带滤尘器的呼吸器。当操作钢瓶时，穿戴皮工作手套、安全眼镜和安全鞋。当连接、断开或开启钢瓶时，或者在任何存在暴露的可能性的时候，要穿戴宽松的皮手套、面罩、安全眼镜和长袖衬衣或夹克。 *Note: There is no NIOSH-approved respirator available for fluorine. 注意：对于氟，没有 NIOSH 认可的呼吸器 Systems that have been purged clean of the fluorine/nitrogen mixture still may contain hydrofluoric acid. Wear chemical-resistant gloves, outer garment, and face shield when disassembling system components. 已经清除了氟/氮混合物的系统仍然可能还有氢氟酸。当拆卸系统组件时，要穿戴化学 防护手套 、外套和面罩。 Emergency: Use self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or positive-pressure air line with full face mask in areas where the fluorine concentration is above 0.1 ppm. Wearing loose-fitting leather gloves and a leather welders jacket is also recommended. 紧急情况：在氟浓度高于 0.1 ppm 的地方要使用自给式呼吸器（ SCBA ）或带面罩的正压空气管。也推荐穿戴宽松的皮手套和皮制焊接工夹克。 Valves 阀门 The primary valve used on tube trailers, cylinders, and ground storage (hydril) tubes is a wrench-operated packed valve (See Fig. 1). It has a large, one piece stem that normally requires40–70 foot-pounds of torque to close. It has a metal-to-metal seat and can be operated only with an appropriate wrench. This valve has a large internal opening (Cv) and flow capacity. It allows full flow when open 1 /4 to 1 /2 turn. It is not necessary or recommended to open this valve to the full open position. Always keep the valve wrench on or near the valve to facilitate rapid shut-down in case of problems. Only one valve should be open during normal use of a tube trailer. 用在管道拖车、钢瓶和地下储存管道上的主要阀门是扳手型衬垫阀（见图 1 ）。它有一个大的单件阀杆，通常要求 40 到 70 英尺-磅的关闭转矩。 它有一个金属到金属的阀座，只能用合适的扳手来操作阀门。这种阀门具有大的内部通路和流量（ Cv ）。当开启 ¼ 到 ½ 圈时达到最大流量。把阀门开启到完全开启的位置是不必要的或不推荐的。总是把阀门扳手放在阀门上或阀门附近，以便在出现问题时能够迅速地关闭阀门。在管道拖车的一般使用过程中，应该只开启一个阀门。 查看更多0个回答 . 3人已关注
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