11年A级新增加阅读理解文章及译文，习题：不可思议的超 ...？ 第四十六篇 Marvelous Metamaterials 不可思议的超材料 Invisibility cloaks1 would have remained impossible，forever locked in science fiction．had it not been for the development of metamaterials2. In Greek, "meta" means beyond, and metamaterials car do things beyond what we see in the natural world—like shuffle light waves around an object，and then bring them back together3．If scientists ever manage to build a full—fledged invisibility cloak，it will probably be made of metamaterials． 如果尚未开发超材料的话，隐形衣可能永远不可能，只能在科幻小说中看到。在希腊语中“meta”的意思是“超越”。超材料能完成我们在自然界无法看到的事情，例如将转移某物体周围的光波，然后将光波全部收回。如果科学家能过做出完全成熟的隐身衣，那很可能是有超材料制成的。 "We are creating materials that don't exist in nature, and that have a physical phenomenon that doesn't exist in nature," says engineer Dentcho Genov. "That is the most exciting thing." Genov designs and builds metamaterials--such as those used in cloaking--at Louisiana Tech University in Ruston, Louisiana. 工程师Dentcho.Genov说：“我们创造的是大自然中不存在的材料，这些材料的物理现象在自然中也不存在，这最令人激动。”Genov在位于拉斯顿市的路易斯安那理工大学设计和制造超材料，例如能运用到隐身衣中的超材料。 An invisibility cloak will probably not be the first major accomplishment to come from the field of metamaterials．Other applications are just as excitin9．In many labs，for example，scientists are working on building a hyperlens．A lens is a device——usually made of glass——that can change the direction of light waves．Lenses are used in microscopes and cameras to focus light，thus allowing a researcher to see small things or a photographer to capture image of things that are far away． 隐身衣可能不是超材料领域中的第一个重要成果，其他应用也同样让人振奋。例如，很多实验室的科学家正致力于建造超透镜。透镜通常用 玻璃 制成，能够改变光波的方向、 显微镜 和照相机的透镜能够聚光，因此研究人员能够看到微小的物体，摄影师能够捕捉远方的景物。 A hyperlens，however，would be made of metamaterials．And since metamaterial s can do things with light that ordinary materials can't，the hyperlens would be a powerful t001．A hyperlens would allow researchers to see things at the smallest scale imaginable—as small as the wavelength of visible light． 而超透镜是由超材料构成。由于超材料能够完成普通材料无法做到的事情，超透镜会成为强大的工具。研究人员能够利用超透镜看到想象中最微小的事物——例如和波长一样小的事物。Genov points out that the science of metamaterials is driven by the imagination：If someone call think of an idea for a new behavior for fight，then the engineers can find a way to design a device using metamaterials．"We need people who can imagine," he says． Genov指出，超材料科学是由想象力推动的：如果能够想到光的新行为，工程师就有办法来设计使用超材料的设备。他说：“我们需要想象力丰富的人。” Since 2006，many laboratories have been exploring other kinds of metamaterials that don't involve just visible light．In fact，scientists are finding that almost any kind of wave may respond to metamaterials． 从2006年起，许多实验室可是探索不仅仅利用可见光的其它超材料。事实上，科学家发现几乎所有种类的波都对超材料有反应。 At the Polytechnic University of Valencia in Spain5．Jose Sanchez-Dehesa is working with acoustics, or the science of sound．Just as an invisibility cloak shuffles waves of light，an "acoustic" cloak would shuffle waves of sound in a way that's not found in nature．In an orchestra hall, for example．an acoustic cloak could redirect the sound waves——so someone sitting behind a column would hear the same concert as the rest of the audience．without distortion． 西班牙瓦伦西亚理工大学的Jose Sanchez-Dehesa在研究声学。和隐形衣移动光波的原理类似，“隐声衣”会以自然界中不存在的方式来移动声波。例如“隐声衣”会改变音乐厅中声波的方向——这样坐在柱子后边的人和其他观众收听音乐会的效果一样，不会受到任何干扰。 Sanchez-Dehesa，an engineer，recently showed that it's possible to build such an acoustic cloak，though he doubts we'11 see one any time soon．"In principle，it is possible," he says，but it might be impossible to make one, he adds． 最近，工程师Sanchez-Dehesa表示有可能制成“隐声衣”，但他怀疑能否很快实现。他说，“这在理论上是可能的。”但他补充说，实际上可能无法制成。 Other scientists are looking into ways to use larger metamaterials as shields around islands or oil rigs6 as protection from tsunamis．A tsunami is a giant．destructive wave．The metamaterial would redirect the tsunami around the rig or island．and the wave would resume its ioumey on the other side without causing any harm． 其他科学家正在研究用更大的超材料为岛屿和石油钻塔进行防护的方法，以使他们免受海啸的危害。海啸是强大的危害性波浪，炒菜了可以让钻塔和岛屿周围的海啸改变方向，波浪会沿着相反方向继续前进，不会造成任何破坏。 练习： 1. What is true for metamaterials? 对于超材料，________的说法是正确的。 A. They will always remain in science fiction.它们将一直在科幻小说中保留。 B. They are already a reality.它们已经成为现实。 C. They are nonexistent in nature. 它们在自然界中不存在。（正确答案） D. Scientists begin to use them to build invisible cloaks.科学家们用它们做隐形衣。 1-1 What is true for metamaterials except? 对于超材料，________的说法是不正确的？ A. They will not always remain in science fiction.它们将不会一直在科幻小说中保留。 B. They hasn’t been already a reality.它们还没有成为现实。 C. They are nonexistent in nature. 它们在自然界中不存在。 D. Scientists begin to use them to build invisible cloaks.科学家们开始用它们做隐形衣。（正确答案） 2. A hyperlens is a more powerful tool than a traditional lens超透镜比传统的镜片更强大的原因是________. A. as it can allow scientists to see small things. 它可以允许科学家看到和可见光一样小的事物。 B. as it can help photographers to capture images far away.它可以帮助摄影师在很远的地方捉取图像。 C. even if it is made of ordinary materials.即使它是用普通的材料做成的。 D. as it can help scientists to see even the wavelengths of visible light. 它可以帮助科学家看到和可见光一样小的事物。（正确答案） 3. Scientists at the Polytechnic University of Valencia try to invent瓦伦西亚理工大学的科学家正尝试着发明_________ A. an acoustic cloak that can shuffle waves of light.可以反射光声学衣服。 B. an invisible cloak that can shuffle waves of sound可以反射声波的隐形衣。 C. an acoustic cloak that can shuffle waves of sound.可以反射声波声学衣服。（正确答案） D. a cloak that is made of materials found in nature.自然界中金属做的衣服 4. According to Sánchez-Dehesa, 根据Sánchez-Dehesa的意思，可以推出_________. A. it is of great possibility to build an acoustic cloak soon.制作可以感应声音的衣服有很大的可能性。 B. it is possible to build an acoustic cloak in theory but far from reality. 在理论上能够制成感应声音的隐身衣，但是实际上可能无法制成。（正确答案） C. it is totally impossible to build an acoustic cloak.根本不可能制作成感应声音的隐身衣。 D. it is theoretically impractical to build an acoustic cloak.在理论上制作一个可以感应声音的隐身衣是不切实际的。 5. What ways are some scientists looking into to protect the island and oil rig from tsunamis?(Read the last paragraph.) 科学家为了防护岛屿和石油钻塔采取了________的方法（根据文中最后一段） A. Surround them with metamaterials as protective shields.. 用超材料作为保护片围绕着它们。（正确答案） B. Stopping the tsunami with metamaterials hours before it reaches them.在它到来之前用超材料阻止海啸。 C. Building them with larger metamaterials to keep away tsunamis.用更大量的超材料制作他们用来阻止海啸。 D. Using the equipment made of metamaterials to forecast arrival of a tsunami.使用超材料做成的仪器预测海啸的到来。 6.What’s the meaning of “meta”? “meta”是什么意思？ A. beyond超出…（正确答案） B.below 在…下满。 C.upward向上的 D.beneath在下面查看更多0个回答 . 1人已关注
电气中的reclamping？ Guards provided on lighting fittings shall be single point release to permit one hand re-clamping without the need for tools. Guard and globe shall remain attached to the lighting fitting during re - clamping . 这是个什么动作?? 查看更多3个回答 . 3人已关注
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