请问1，2丙二醇有毒性嘛，可以做口服药物嘛？1，2丙二醇(1,2-propanediol) CAS:57-55-6 Toxicity Summary（数据来源于PUBMED，同理可查询其他物质的毒性数据） EXPOSURE. Propylene glycol (PG) production capacity in the US was 1312 million pounds (596 kilotons) in 1998. Domestic demand was 1050 million pounds (477 kilotons). PG is used as an ingredient in cosmetics at concentrations of 50%. Approximately 4000 cosmetic products contained PG in 1994. Uses of PG, with percent of demand, are: unsaturated polyester resins, 26 percent; antifreeze and de- icing fluids, 22 percent; food, drug and cosmetics uses, 18 percent; liquid detergents, 11 percent; functional fluids (inks, specialty anti-freeze, de-icing lubricants), 4 percent; pet foods, 3 percent; paints and coatings, 5 percent; tobacco, 3 percent; miscellaneous, including plasticizer use, 8 percent. HEALTH. Propylene glycol (PG) is not acutely toxic. The lowest oral LD50 values range between 18 and 23.9 mg/kg (5 different species) and the reported dermal LD50 is 20.8 mg/kg. PG is essentially nonirritating to the skin and mildly irritating to the eyes. Numerous studies support that PG is not a skin sensitizer. Repeated exposures of rats to propylene glycol in drinking water or feed did not result in adverse effects at levels up to 10% in water (estimated at about 10 g/kg bw/day) or 5% in feed (dosage reported as 2.5 g/kg bw/day) for periods up to 2 years. In cats, two studies of at least 90 days duration show that a species-specific effect of increased Heinz bodies was observed (NOAEL = 80 mg/kg bw/day; LOAEL = 443 mg/kg bw/day), with other hematological effects (decrease in number of erythrocytes and erythrocyte survival) reported at higher doses (6-12% in diet, or 3.7-10.1 g/cat/day). Propylene glycol did not cause fetal or developmental toxicity in rats, mice, rabbits, or hamsters (NOAELs range from 1.2 to 1.6 g/kg bw/day in four species). No reproductive effects were found when propylene glycol was administered at up to 5% in the drinking water (reported as 10.1 g/kg bw/day) of mice. Propylene glycol was not a genetic toxicant as demonstrated by a battery of in vivo (micronucleus, dominant lethal, chromosome aberration) and in vitro (bacterial and mammalian cells and cultures) studies. No increase in tumors was found in all tissues examined when propylene glycol was administered in the diet of rats (2.5 g/kg bw/day for 2 years), or applied to the skin of female rats (100% PG; total dose not reported; 14 months) or mice (mouse dose estimated at about 2 g/kg bw/week; lifetime). These data support a lack of carcinogenicity for PG. ENVIRONMENT. ... Measured freshwater aquatic toxicity data for fish, daphnia and algae report LC/EC50 values of 18,000 mg/L. Therefore, PG is not acutely toxic to aquatic organisms except at very high concentrations. Using an assessment factor of 100 and the Ceriodaphnia data (48- hour EC 50 = 18,340 mg/l), the predicted no effect concentration is 183 mg/L.查看更多
人工智能在新药研发上的潜在作用？嗯，欧美已经有多家这种初创公司了，涉及医疗上的若干方面，国内不知大环境是否满足条件。另外，也想了解下，像研发埃博拉病毒疫苗之类的新药，人工智能能否在哪个环节起到帮助 thanks for your reply ！ ... 医疗上已经有很多医疗机器人了 要是合成的话，现阶段不太好说啊查看更多
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