求rack price的含义? 俺来继续讨论。 1. 国外部分:rack price一词的早期来源正如echo所说出自炼油厂的loading rack,但是因为国外炼油厂的分布有限,所以在这一二十年来,rack price更多的是指从石油公司规定的distribution terminals 的汽油或者柴油成品油的fob价钱。这样,一般来说,即使某一个炼油厂可能会给某一个大用户(只有这样的客户才会直接从往往是距离遥远的炼油厂进油)较低的“出厂价”(或者比市场上的rack price更多的折价discount),但通常某一地区城市的成品油销售商在市场上得到的rack price(也就是whole price“批发价”)会是基本一致的,定价与整个地区甚至国际上原油和成品油市场的更紧密相关,而和具体炼油厂的“出厂价”或者折价的大小没有很直接的关系。 可以参考wolf教授写的“how gasoline gets its price”一文( http://www.imperialoil.ca/canada ... 1q1/440gasoline.htm ): the rack price of gasoline – in other words, the basic wholesale price of gasoline that is bought either on a spot or term (contract) basis from distribution terminals – is driven by what is happening in large product trading areas such as new york harbor and the u.s. gulf coast. like motorists, wholesale-gasoline buyers are very price sensitive when choosing where they make purchases and will tend to switch suppliers to take advantage of lower prices, with the result that rack prices are generally uniform in a given area in order to be competitive. these prices may differ from one area to another, but the difference generally reflects only transportation costs. rack prices are published, or posted, publicly, although refiners will frequently sell gasoline at an undisclosed discount to those buying large quantities. in the end, however, wholesale buyers will not pay any more than they would for the alternative – imported product. 2. 国内部分:据俺粗浅的了解,国内的油品价格有发改委的统一规定。最新的国家发展和改革委员会发改电[2009]198号《国家发展改革委关于提高成品油价格的通知》是这么说的: “四、汽、柴油最高批发价格等额提高。合同约定由供方配送到零售企业的,最高批发价格按最高零售价格倒扣300元确定;合同未约定配送的,最高批发价格由各省(区、市)价格主管部门在300元的基础上,再考虑运杂费因素确定。当市场零售价格降低时,批发价格也要相应降低,保持批零价差不小于300元。各省(区、市)价格主管部门按规定的品质比率制定非标准品最高批发价格。” 俺根据国外的rack price的fob于供方terminals性质含义的理解,认为文件其中的“这合同未约定配送的,最高批发价格由各省(区、市)价格主管部门在300元的基础上,再考虑运杂费因素确定。”之“未约定配送的批发价格”也许就是与国外rack price对应的东东。查看更多