应急预案.请帮忙看下吧？ 我给我们集团分支 罐区总结的 best practice, 英语的，懒得翻译了，不蛋使用于罐区，还适用在其他地方3 spill prevention and fire-fightingfollowing a release, the plant staff must respond and alert the surrounding populationthat an emergency exists on the site. responding appropriately to leaks and spills is essentialto minimize damage and avoid the major accident. careful planning and training cansignificantly reduce the consequences of accidents. this section outlines the measures thatfacilities should take to reduce the damage.3.1 comprehensive preplanned contingency planninggenerally, every site has its own comprehensive emergency response plan where storagetanks contingency response plan consists a part. a well-elaborated preplanned contingencyplan must be available in site in any moment to efficiently reply the potential unintendedevents or other emergencies with appropriate tactics for different tanks and differentscenarios.this plan is established for the different potential scenarios and prepare for their worstconsequences. for each tank in site, different elements should be taken into account: tank type and serving age tank location and structure product chemical properties (boilover potential…)for each tank-specific contingency plan, the planning sheet should indicate the type offoam to be used and should calculate and record the flow rate of water and total quantity offoam concentrate required for the application method chosen. this should be based on theminimum quantities recommended in nfpa 11 or alternate values chosen in the planningphase. an inventory of all fire-fighting resources shall be done regularly to ensure the firefightingapplication force.the amount of assistance that can be provided by the fire authority should beconsidered, also in appropriate cases the resources that can be provided under mutual-aidagreements with nearby sites.this plan has to be kept relevant and up-to-date as facility is modified or staff changesor deficiencies appear. this plan shall also be developed to allocate enough human sources forthe intervention. a plan coordinator should be assigned.3.2 emergency response training3.2.1 on-site populationon-site population includes not only employees (with specific training for theemergency response team), but also contractors and visitors. every person who enters afacility should be trained in how to respond to an emergency. in most cases, this involves asimple orientation process to familiarize everyone with the basic hazards that exist at thefacility, general emergency recognition, and the facility's responses to alarms. personnel whowork closely with the process and may be instrumental in its control will certainly receivemore training as their roles necessitate.personnel who enter the facility on a day-to-day basis receive training in a number ofways, but often the infrequent or non-industrial visitor is overlooked and receives noemergency training. such visitors might include: tank truck drivers sanitation truck dr坩埚的放凉问题ivers package delivery people pest control personnel copier repairmen evening janitorial staff temporary secretarial support building service repairmen (e.g., plumbers, carpet layers) railroad switch crews salesmenall personnel working within a facility should always be trained to recognize andrespond to an emergency, including instruction in how to notify appropriate plant officials andwhat actions to take in case an evacuation is required.3.2.2 off-site population and external communicationemergency response training of the off-site population is critical in ensuring that, if arelease does reach beyond the facility's fence line, harm to the general public will beminimized. the means of external communication shall be established. as a minimum, thefacility should inform the local emergency planning committee and the fire and policedepartments of the potential hazards that the facility could generate and then, as a group, theyshould develop effective response measures. these measures could include: community evacuation sheltering in place blocking of highways restriction of flight paths evacuation points and routes equipment staging points incident command locations special response equipment medical anticipated procedures to diminish the effects of exposures to releases.training of the local populace can best be initiated through a community awarenesscampaign in which the community can become familiar with the facility, its processes and thepotential hazards they present, and plant personnel with whom they would interact during anemergency.3.3 periodic emergency drills and fire-fighting testa carefully designed and well-written emergency response plan that sits on a shelf isuseless. to be effective it must be rehearsed periodically. rehearsal ensures that all involvedpersonnel and organization will response in accordance with the plan and that any defects inthe plan will be found and corrected.an entire fire-fighting exercise shall be practiced annually in common with the sitefirefighters, the firefighters in specialized mutual assistance agreement and authorityspecialized services to verify the feasibility of contingency plan and mutual aid system remove the eventual gap from the plan to practical and keep the plan up-to-datewith the exercise feedback and new technologyoperational service will have to assure to gather necessary equipment to the extinctionof all the likely fires in his storage farm from own site fire brigade and from mutual aidorganization. different concerned service must be informed of this exercise and to participateif necessary.fire extinguish system shall be tested regularly under the responsibility of fire brigade.3.4 mutual aidbecause of high risks at a petrochemical plant, it is essential that plans should be madein collaboration with refinery/petrochemical plant management well in advance to deal withforeseeable fire, explosion, toxic or other hazard which may occur. collaboration with otherbrigades is essential to ensure the availability of adequate resources (equipments, foam).every plant must elaborate its mutual aid plan and keep it up-to-date.the mutual aid convention shall provide the details of each aspect of the fire-fightingactivity like pre-determinated attendance and special equipment, foam supply, mobilisingcontrol and communications arrangement, and such fire-fighting tactics as done in preplannedplan. dialogue within the mutual aid organization should review the compatibility ofequipment from various participants and determine whether adapters will be needed to fullyutilize available equipment. a compatibility review should place special emphasis on hosetypes and connections (sizes, threads and coupling types) in a review of the water deliverysystem from the source to each appliance to be used.for detail instructions of mutual aid, please refer to api 2021 appendix n.3.1. 查看更多
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