帮我翻译成中文？ 1. Watchingmy money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought. 2. So,if you lose a key species, you might cause a whole flood of other extinctions. 3. This began a barrage of questions that lasted nearly two hours. 4. Todaywe live in a world where American firms no longer have automatic technological superiority. 5. BillGates, the Microsoft whiz, left Harvard to tinker with software and developedthe operating brain that is installed in nearly every personal computer. 查看更多11个回答 . 1人已关注
一种流化焦化技术？ http://www.exxonmobil.com/apps/refiningtechnologies/fuels/mn_fluid.html FLUID COKING TM CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY FLUID COKING TM is a continuous fluid bed technology that thermally converts heavy hydrocarbons such as vacuum resid, atmospheric resid, oil sands bitumen, heavy whole crudes, deasphalter bottoms, or FCC bottoms to lighter products. FLUID COKING is commercially-proven, based on ExxonMobil's FCC process technology and operating experience. FLUID COKING is currently used commercially in refineries for deep conversion and as the resource to upgrade heavy oils/bitumens Expect these advantages: Continuous fluid bed process where product coke is combusted to provide process heat, avoiding the need for purchased fuel or natural gas as used in delayed coking Flexibility to handle a wide variety of feed types, especially those with high metals, sulfur, and Conradson Carbon Residue (CCR) Large single train capacity provides economy of scale that lowers investment cost relative to delayed coking; can process 100 KB/SD of 20-plus wt% CCR vacuum resid in a single reactor High reliability with service factors routinely exceeding 90% and lower staffing requirements compared to semi-batch delayed coking Handling of fluid coke is much simpler and cleaner than the labor-intensive handling of delayed coke Efficient combination with fluid bed boilers enables cogeneration for electricity and steam production (both heat integration and single flue gas clean-up) Addition of an outboard gasifier converts FLUID COKING to FLEXICOKING™ as a means to stage investment, producing a fuel gas or hydrogen rich stream The FLUID COKING Process at Work Feed (typically 1050°F/565°C-plus vacuum resid) enters the scrubber (1) for integrated, direct contact heat exchange with reactor overhead effluent vapors. The scrubber condenses higher boiling hydrocarbons in the reactor effluent (typically > 975°F/ 525°C) and recycles these along with the fresh feed to the reactor. Lighter overhead vapors are sent to conventional fractionation and light ends recovery. In the reactor (2), feed is thermally cracked to a full range of lighter products and coke. Coke inventory is maintained by transferring bed coke from the reactor to the burner (3) via a coke transfer line. Depending upon the feed, 15% to 25% of the coke is burned with air to satisfy process heat requirements, eliminating the need for an external fuel supply. Hot coke from the burner is circulated back to the reactor (through coke transfer line), supplying the heat necessary to maintain reactor temperature and to sustain the thermal cracking reactions. The balance of the coke is withdrawn and sold as a product. The burner also produces a low heating value flue gas that is usually sent to a CO boiler for further energy recovery through steam production. Simplified FLUID COKING Flowplan A Full Range of Products The fluid coker produces a full range of products, from a C4-reactor gas stream through a full range of liquid products to a product coke stream. The typical product distribution is pictured to the right. The reactor gas stream is typically sent to a light ends plant in order to produce a C2- fuel gas, C3's for alkylation unit feed, chemical feedstock, or LPG, and C4's for mogas blending. The liquid products are typically cut into three fractions. The coker naphtha is sent to a hydrotreater and then used as reformer feedstock or for mogas blending. The light and heavy coker gas oils are used as FCC, hydrocracker, or petrochemical feed. Product fluid coke, spherical in shape with a mean particle size of 100-150 µm, is a non-agglomerating, free-flowing solid which can be pneumatically conveyed in a closed system. Fluid coke can be sold as solid fuel with its product valuation based upon its sulfur and metals content and hardness characteristics. Current outlets include cement kilns, where the cement adsorbs the sulfur-containing combustion products from the coke, or boilers for steam and power generation. Fluid bed boilers for power production are an attractive outlet for fluid coke since this coke does not require grinding or other preparation steps such as delayed coke. FLUID COKING Formula Process Options The FLUID COKING process is very flexible. Typically, the 975�F/525�C-plus liquid is recycled to extinction. However, with minor modifications to the scrubber, this stream can be withdrawn as an additional product. This is typically referred to as extra heavy coker gas oil, and is often blended into the refinery fuel oil stock. Elimination of recycle typically results in an increase in liquid products of 4 - 6 wt% on fresh feed, also reducing the overall reactor gas and coke make. Significant Commercial Experience and Growing There are at least seven units in operation ranging in capacity from 8 to 100 KB/SD with over 350 KB/SD of total capacity. A new unit, currently under construction, will have the capacity of approximately 100 KB/SD. Most Flexible / Best Coking Approach If a refiner has sweet resids and wants to make anode grade coke for the aluminum or steel industry, then delayed coking is the preferred approach. If the goal is to make fuel coke, produce power and steam or later convert to FLEXICOKING to make a clean fuel or natural gas substitute or a hydrogen rich stream, FLUID COKING is the clear choice.查看更多2个回答 . 5人已关注
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