OSHA-1910.251翻译纠错？ § 1910.251 Definitions. 定义 As used in this subpart: 本文中使用： (a) Welder and welding operator mean any operator of electric or gas welding and cutting equipment. 焊工和焊接操作工指任何点焊或气焊及切割设备的操作人员。 (b) A pproved means listed or approved by a nationally recognized testing laboratory. Refer to §1910.155(c)(3) for definitions of listed and approved, and §1910.7 for nationally recognized testing laboratory. “ 核准 ” 指由国家认可测试实验室编入目录或核准。编入目录或核准定义参见１９１０ . １５５（ｃ）（３），国家认可测试实验室见 １９１０ . ７ [55 FR 13696, Apr. 11, 1990, as amended at 61 FR 9240, Mar. 7, 1996; 72 FR 71070, Dec. 14, 2007] § 1910.252 General requirements. 一般要求 (a) Fire prevention and protection —(1) Basic precautions. For elaboration of these basic precautions and of the special precautions of paragraph (a)(2) of this section as well as a delineation of the fire protection and prevention responsibilities of welders and cutters, their supervisors (including outside contracto rs) and those in management on whose property cutting and welding is to be performed, see Standard for Fire Prevention in Use of Cutting and Welding Processes, NFPA Standard 51B, 1962, which is incorporated by reference as specified in §1910.6. The basic precautions for fire prevention in welding or cutting work are: 防火和消防－ （１）基本预防措施。对于这些基本预防措施的详尽细节和本章（ a ）（ 2 ）段的特殊预防措施，以及焊工和切割工的消防和防火责任的描绘，其主管（包括 外包商 ）及其财产将进行切割和焊接的管理人员，见 NFPA 标准 51B1962 中使用切割和焊接工艺时火灾预防的标准，按照 1910.6 中规定该标准通过引用成为本文一部分。焊接和切割作业中防火的基本预防措施是： (i) Fire hazards. If the object to be welded or cut cannot readily be moved, all movable fire hazards in the vicinity shall be taken to a safe place. 火灾。如果要焊接或切割的物体不能迅速移开，所有临近的可移动的火灾危害源应移到安全的地方。 (ii) Guards. If the object to be welded or cut cannot be moved and if all the fire hazards cannot be removed, then guards shall be used to confine the heat, sparks, and slag, and to protect the immovable fire hazards. 保护装置：如果要焊接或切割的物体不能移动且所有火灾危害源也不能移除，那么，应使用保护装置限制热 量（高温 ）、火星和焊渣并保护不可移动火灾危害源。 (iii) Restrictions. If the requirements[url=] stated [/url] [U1] in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (a)(1)(ii) of this section cannot be followed then welding and cutting shall not be performed. 限制：无法遵循如果本章 (a)(1)(i) and (a)(1)(ii) 段规定的要求，则禁止进行焊接和切割。 (2) Special precautions. When the nature of the work to be performed falls within the scope of paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section certain additional precautions may be necessary: 特殊预防措施：如果将进行的作业的性质属于本章 (a)(1)(ii) 段，必须采取某些额外预防措施。 (i) Combustible material. Wherever there are floor openings or cracks in the flooring that cannot be closed, precautions shall be taken so that no readily combustible materials on the floor below will be exposed to sparks which might dr[url=] op through [/url] [U2] the floor. The same precautions shall be observed with regard to cracks or holes in walls, open doorways and open or broken windows. 可燃物：在楼板上有楼板孔或裂缝而无法封闭（堵住）的地方，要采取预防措施，以便在下面楼板上没有易燃物暴露于可能从楼板（孔）中落下的火星。 (ii) Fire extinquishers. Suitable fire extinguishing equipment shall be maintained in a state of readiness for instant use. Such equipment may consist of pails of water, buckets of sand, hose or portable extinguishers depending upon the nature and quantity of the combustible material exposed. 灭火器：合适的灭火设备要处于可以立即使用的预备状态。此类设备可能由一桶水、一桶沙子、软管或便携式灭火器构成，这取决于裸露的可燃物的性质和数量。 (iii) Fire watch. (A) Fire watchers shall be required whenever welding or cutting is performed in locations where other than a minor fire might develop, or any of the following conditions exist: 消防值守：（ A ）任何时候在除了小火灾可能发生的地方进行焊接或切割，或任何下面情况存在时，都需要有 火灾值守员（监护人 ）： ( 1 ) Appreciable combustible material, in building construction or contents, closer than 35 feet (10.7 m) to the point of operation. 在房屋建筑或建筑物的内容物中，距离作业点 35 英尺（ 10.7 ）内有显著（可观）的可燃物。 ( 2 ) Appreciable combustibles are more than 35 feet (10.7 m) away but are easily ignited by sparks. 显著（可观）的可燃物距离超过 35 英尺（ 10.7 米 ），但是容易被火星点燃。 ( 3 ) Wall or floor openings within a 35-foot (10.7 m) radius expose combustible material in adjacent areas including concealed spaces in walls or floors. 35 英尺半径内的墙壁或楼板开孔暴露于临近区域的可燃物，包括墙壁或楼板内的隐蔽空间。 ( 4 ) Combustible materials are adjacent to the opposite side of metal partitions, walls, ceilings, or roofs and are likely to be ignited by conduction or radiation. 易燃物临近对面的金属隔墙（隔板）、墙壁、天花板或屋顶并很可能通过传导或辐射而被点燃。 (B) Fire watchers shall have fire extinguishing equipment readily available and be trained in its use. They shall be familiar with facilities for sounding an alarm in the event of a fire. They shall watch for fires in all exposed areas, try to extinguish them only when obviously within the capacity of the equipment available, or otherwise sound the alarm. A fire watch shall be maintained for at least a half hour after completion of welding or cutting operations to detect and extinguish possible s moldering fire s. 火 灾值守员（监护 人）应有灭火设备立即可用，并进行使用培训。他们应熟悉发生火灾时击响警报的设施。他们应在所有暴露区域监视火灾，只能在明显处于可用灭火器的能力范围内时才努力扑灭火灾，否则要击响警报。消防值守应保持至少到焊接或切割作业结束后半小时，以发现并扑灭可能的 阴燃火 。 (iv) Authorization. Before cutting or welding is permitted, the area shall be inspected by the individual responsible for authorizing cutting and welding operations. He shall designate precautions to be followed in granting authorization to proceed preferably in the form of a written permit. 授权：在允许切割或焊接前，应由负责授权切割和焊接作业的人检查该区域。在（最好）以书面形式进行授权开始进行时，他应指定需要遵守的预防措施。 (v) Floors. Where combustible materials such as pa per clippin gs, wood shavings , or textile fibers are on the floor, the floor shall be swept clean for a radius of 35 feet (10.7 m). Combustible floors shall be kept wet, covered with damp sand, or protected by fire-resistant shield s. Where floors have been wet down , personnel operating arc welding or cutting equipment shall be protected from possible shock. ； 楼板：在有可燃物，如 碎纸片 、 刨花 或纺织纤维在楼板上的地方，楼板 35 英尺（ 10.7 米 ）半径范围内应清扫。可燃楼板要保持潮湿，用湿沙覆盖或用耐火隔板保护。楼板被洒湿的地方，要保护进行弧焊或切割设备操作的人员免受可能的电击。 （保护弧焊或切割设备操作的人员发生电击的可能） (vi) Prohibited areas. Cutting or welding shall not be permitted in the following situations: 禁区：如下情况不允许进行切割或焊接作业： (A) In areas not authorized by management. 未经管理层授权的区域内 (B) In sprinklered building s while such protection is impaired . 装有喷水灭火系统的建筑物内，该保护功能受损 (C) In the pres[url=] ence of explosive atmospheres (mixtures of flammable gases, vapors, liquids, or d usts with a ir), or explosive atmospheres that may develop inside uncleaned or improperly prepared tanks or equipment which have previously contained such materials, or that may d [/url] [U3] evelop in areas with an accumulation of combustible dusts. 可能在未清洁或未正确准备好的储罐或设备内出现的爆炸性气体（可燃气体、蒸汽、液体或 空气浮沉 ）或爆炸性空气出现时，这些储罐或设备以前装过这种原料或在某些区域内出现可燃粉尘积聚。 (D) In areas near the storage of large quantities of exposed, readily ignitible materials such as bulk sulfur, baled paper, or cotton. 在大量裸露、可迅速点燃的材料储存区附近，如散装硫磺、大包纸张、或大捆棉花。 (vii) Relocation of combustibles. Where practicable, all combustibles shall be relocated at least 35 feet (10.7 m) from the work site . Where relocation is impracticable, combustibles shall be protected with flameproofed covers or otherwise shielded with metal or asbestos guards or curtains. 重置可燃物。在可行的地方，所有可燃物都应重新放置到距离 作业点 至少 35 英尺（ 10.7 米 ）的地方。在无法重新放置的地方，应用耐火罩保护易燃物或用金属或石棉挡板或窗帘隔开。 (viii) Ducts. Ducts and conveyor systems that might carry sparks to distant combustibles shall be suitably protected or shut down. 烟道：可能携带火花至较远处可燃物的烟道及输送系统应适当地保护或关闭。 (ix) Combustible walls. Where cutting or welding is done near walls, partitions, ceiling or roof of combustible construction, fire-resistant shields or guards shall be provided to prevent ignition. 可燃墙壁：切割或焊接距离可燃建筑物的墙、隔板、天花板较近时，应提供阻燃隔板防止着火（引燃）。 (x) Noncombustible walls. If weldi ng is to be done on a metal wall, partition, ceiling or roof, precautions shall be taken to prevent ignition of combustibles on the other side, due to conduction or radiation, preferably by relocating combustibles. Where combustibles are not relocated, a fire watch on the opposite side from the work shall be provided. 不可燃墙壁：如果要在金属墙壁、隔板、天花板、或屋顶上作业，应采取措施避免另外一边（面）的可燃物由于辐射传导作用着火，最好重新放置可燃物。在没有重新放置可燃物的地方，在墙的另外一面应设置消防值班。 (xi) Combustible cover. Welding shall not be attempte[url=] d on a metal [/url] [U4] partition, wall, ceiling or roof having a combustible covering nor on walls or partitions of combustible sandwich-type panel construction. 可燃性覆盖物：不要试图在有可燃性覆盖物的金属隔板、墙壁、天花板、或屋顶上焊接， 也不要在可燃性 夹心板 建筑物的墙壁或隔板上焊接。 (xii) Pipes. Cutting or[url=] welding on [/url] [U5] pipes or other metal in contact with combustible walls, partitions, ceilings or roofs shall not be undertaken if the work is close enough to cause ignition by conduction. 管道：如果作业易引起传导引燃，禁止管道或其它与可燃墙壁、隔板、天花板或屋顶接触的金属的切割或焊接。 (xiii) Management. Management shall recognize its responsibility for the safe usage of cutting and welding equipment on its property and: 管理层：管理层应认识到切割和焊接设备在其资产上安全使用的责任。 (A) Based on fire potentials of plant facilities, establish areas for cutting and welding, and establish procedures for cutting and welding, [url=] in other areas. [/url] [U6] 根据厂区设施的火灾隐患，建立切割和焊接区域及其它区域的切割和焊接程序。 (B) Designate an individual responsible for authorizing cutting and welding operations in areas not specifically designed for such processes. 在未特别为焊接和切割作业而指定的区域，指定负责人授权切割和焊接作业。 (C) Insist that cutters or welders and their supervisors are suitably trained in the safe operation of their equipment and the safe use of the process. 坚持对切割工或焊工及其主管在其设备的安全作业及工艺的安全使用上做相应的培训。 (D) Advise all contractors about flammable materials or hazardous conditions of which they may not be aware. 通知所有承包商，其未注意到的易燃物或危险情况。 (xiv) Supervisor. 主管 The Supervisor: 主管 (A) Shall be responsible for the safe handling of the cutting or welding equipment and the safe use of the cutting or welding process. 应负责切割或焊接设备的安全操作及切割或焊接程序的安全使用。 (B) Shall determine the combustible materials and hazardous areas present or likely to be present in the work location. 应确定是否可燃物和危险区域出现或很可能出现在工作区域。 (C) Shall protect combustibles from ignition by the following: 通过下面方法避免可燃物被引燃： ( 1 ) Have the work moved to a location free from dangerous combustibles. 将工作转移到没有危险的可燃物的区域。 ( 2 ) If the work cannot be moved, have the combustibles moved to a safe distance from the work or have the combustibles properly shielded against ignition. 如果工作不能进行转移，将可燃物转移到[url=] 距离作业安全的距离外 [/url] [U1] 。 ( 3 ) See that cutting and welding are so scheduled that plant operations that might expose combustibles to ignition are not started during cutting or welding. 设法使切割和焊接作业计划好，可能使可燃物暴露于引燃危险的装置操作不会在切割和焊接时开始。 (D) Shall secure authorization for the cutting or welding operations from the designated management representative. 应确保有指定管理代表对切割或焊接作业的授权。 (E) Sh all determine that the cutter or welder secures his approval that conditions are safe before going ahea d. 应确定切割工或焊工保障在继续作 业前其对工作条件的安全的批准、认可、批 准。 (F) Shall determine that fire protection and extinguishing equipment are properly located at the site. 应确定防火和消防器材在现场设置正确。 (G) Where fire watches are required, he shall see that they are available at the site. 在需要消防值守的地方，主管应使其在现场。 (xv) Fire prevention precautions. Cutting or welding shall be permitted only in areas that are or have been made fire safe. When work cannot be moved practically, as in most construction work, the area shall be made safe by removing combustibles or protecting combustibles from ignition sources. 消防措施。切割或焊接只允许在火灾安全的区域进行。当工作不能转移时，正如大部分施工中一样，应通过转移可燃物或保护可燃物接触着火源，使该区域安全。 (3) Welding or cutting containers — 焊接或切割容器 (i) Used containers. No welding, cutting, or other hot work shall be performed on used drums, barrels, tanks or other containers until they have been cleaned so thoroughly as to make absolutely certain that there are no flammable materials present or any substances such as greases, tars, acids, or other materials which when subjected to heat, might produce flammable or toxic vapors. Any pipe lines or connections to the drum or vessel shall be disconnected or blanked. 使用过的容器。在彻底清洗以绝对保证没有可燃物出现或任何物质，如黄油、焦油酸，或其它 在受热时 可能产生可燃物或有毒蒸汽的物质出现前，不能进行焊接、切割或其它动火作业。 (ii) Venting and purging. All hollow spaces, cavities or containers shall be vented to permit the escape of air or gases before preheating, cutting or welding. Purging with inert gas is recommended. 通风和吹扫：所有空洞、空腔或容器应在预热、切割或焊接前排空，使空气或煤气溢出。建议使用惰性气体吹扫。 (4) Confined spaces 密闭空间 — (i) Accidental contact. When arc welding is to be suspended for any substantial period of time , such as during lunch or overnight, all electrodes shall be removed from the holders and the holders carefully located so that accidental contact cannot occur[url=] and the machine be [/url] [U2] disconnected from the power source. 意外接触 : 在弧焊暂停相当一段时间时，如午餐或隔夜，焊条全部都应从持有人处拿走，持有人小心放置使意外接触不会发生。焊机与电源断开。 (ii) T orch valv e. In order to eliminate the possibility of[url=] gas escaping [/url] [U3] through leaks or improperly closed valve s, when gas welding or cutting, the torch valve s shall be closed and the gas supply to the torch positively shut off at some point outside the confined area whenever the torch is not to be used for a substantial period of time , such as during lunch hour or overnight . Where practicable, the torch and hose shall also be removed from the confined space. 焊 炬阀 门： 为了消除煤气通过 裂缝 或因 阀门没关好 而泄露，在气焊或气割时，只要相当一段时间内不在该空间内使用焊炬，如午饭时间或 隔夜 ，焊炬阀门应关闭且应在密闭空间外 强制关 闭焊炬的供气。 (b) Protection of personnel 个人防护 — (1) General —(i) Railing. A welder or helper working on platforms, scaffolds, or runway s shall be protected against falling. This may be accomplished by the use of railings, safety belts, life lines, or some other equally effective s afeguard s. 概要 — 护栏。应保护在平台、脚手架、或通道上作业的焊工或助工高空坠落。可以通过使用护栏、 安全带 、生命绳或一些其它同等功效的 安全设备（防护装置） 实现。 (ii) Welding cable. Welders shall place welding cable and other equipment so that it is clear of passageway s, ladders, and stairways. 焊把线。焊工应将焊把线及其它设备放置妥当，使通道（过道）、梯子、和楼梯畅通。 (2) Eye protection —(i) Selection. (A) [url=] Helmets [/url] [U4] or hand shield s shall be used during all arc welding or arc cutting operations, excluding submerged arc welding. Helpers or attendants shall be provided with proper eye protection. 眼睛防护 —(i) 选择： (A) 在弧焊或弧切割作业时，不包括埋弧焊，应使用 安全帽 或 手持面罩 。助工或监护员也应有适当的眼睛防护。 (B) Goggles or other suitable eye protection shall be used during all gas welding or oxygen cutting operations. Spectacles without side shields, with suitable filter lenses are permitted for use during gas welding oper ations on light work, for torch brazing or for inspect ion. 在气焊或气割作业时，应使用 护目镜（眼罩） 或其它合适的眼睛防护品。没有侧挡但有合适 滤光镜 的眼镜可以在气焊作业的 简单工 作、 吹管硬焊 ( 焊炬钎焊 ) 或检查时使用。 (C) All operators and attendants of resistance welding or r esistance brazing equipment shall use transparent face shields or goggle s, depending on the particular job, to protect their faces or eyes, as required. 电阻焊或电阻钎焊设备的所有操作工及 监护 员的应视具体工作，按规定使用透明 面罩 或 护目镜（眼罩） ，以保护其眼面。 (D) Eye protection in the form of suitable goggles shall be provided where needed for brazing operations not covered in paragraphs (b)(2)(i)(A) through (b)(2)(i)(C) of this section. 在需要本章 (b)(2)(i)(A) through (b)(2)(i)(C) 未涉及到的钎焊作业的地方，应以合适的 护目镜（眼罩） 的形式提供眼睛防护。 (ii) Specifications for protectors. (A) Helmets and hand shields shall be made of a material which is an insulator for heat and electricity. Helmet s, shields and g oggles shall be not readily flammable and shall be capable of withstanding sterilization. 防护品规格。 (A) 安全帽及 手持面罩用绝缘且绝热的材质制成。 安全帽、面罩及护目镜（眼罩） 不能很容易燃烧并能够经受消毒处理。 (B) Helmets and hand shields shall be arranged to protect the face, neck and ears from d irect radiant energ y from the arc. 安全帽 、手持面罩应准备用于保护电弧对面部、颈部及人耳的直接辐射能。 (C) Helmets shall be provided with filter plates and cover plates designed for easy removal. 安全帽 应装有易拆卸的滤光器。 (D) All parts shall be constructed of a material which will not readily corrode or discolor the skin . 所有部件均应采用不易腐蚀或 表层褪色 的材料。 (E) Goggles shall be ventilated to prevent fogging of the lense s as much as practicable. 护目镜（眼罩） 应能 透气 ，以尽可能防止 镜片起雾 。 (F) All glass for lenses shall be tempered , substantially free from striae, air bubbles, waves and other flaw s. Except when a lens is ground to provide proper optical correction for defective vision , the front and rear surfaces of lenses and windows shall be smooth and parallel . 所有镜片的玻璃应为 钢化玻璃 ， 切实 没有条痕、气泡、波状物及其它 瑕疵 。除了镜片打磨以适当 缺陷图像的光学矫正 ，镜片和镜框前后表面应平滑、 齐平（水平） 。 (G) Lenses shall bear some permanent distinctive marking by which the source and s hade may be readily identified. 镜片上应有永久性区别标志，可以通过其很容易识别来源及 色调 。 (H) The following is a guide for the selection of the proper shade number s. These recommendations may be varied t o suit the individual's needs. 下面是正确 色调号码 选择的指导。这些推荐可能 依个人需要而不同 。 待续 查看更多7个回答 . 1人已关注
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