请大家帮忙翻译修正，多谢！？ they can be applied at a wide range of temperatures, from ambient up to 350°f (177°c), and are often the product of choice for viscous heavy oils and resids. they are also preferred by many users over water-soluble additives in finished fuels in order to avoid any possibility of haze formation. 4 该类产品的应用温度范围广（从室温到177 ℃），粘性重油与渣油通常选用该类产品。与水溶性助剂相比，许多用户首选该类产品用于成品燃料，以防起雾。------------fyi 查看更多
amine材料选择？ 关于为何一般clad不做热处理，看看这篇有用吗？ 关于不锈钢复合钢制压力容器的焊后热处理问题_百度文库 ... 很有意思的讨论。 关于是否需要焊接之后进行热处理的问题，确实是百家争鸣，各有不同意见，有关国际标准的要求也各自不同： asme sec viii (appendix f: part ucl, ucl-34) 的要求是pwht is necessary after cladding. 但是 ucl-34 又说 pwht can be exempted by the notes of table ucs-56. 而 ucs-56的要求是pwht can be exempted by maintaining preheat at a minimum temperature of 200°f (95°c) during application of the first layer when the thickness of the pressure part exceeds 1 1/4 in. (32 mm). 我个人的观点是一般情况之下不需要热处理，但是如果有hic的存在可能性（比如lz这个amine的例子，因为用clad的原因就是因为考虑到hic的危险，否则用一般碳钢就可以了），pwht热处理是必要的（为了降低残余应力）。至于pwht可能产生的问题，技术上是可以解决的：我个人的经验： pwht can be done on 309l/316l and straight 309l overlays on vessels. as long as one stays at or below 1150f (620c) one should not have any issues. although not see a problem with overlays (vs groove welds), one may want to make sure your stainless consumable is bismuth free. 查看更多
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