2010年职称英语常考从句解析之定语从句？ 一、考点聚焦 1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please. 3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词（1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。（2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点： ①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。This is the place which is worth visiting. ②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能 重复 其意。 There are many places we can visit（them）in China. 4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。关系副词：when, where, why。that偶尔也作关系副词。 5、确定关系词的步骤（1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。 6、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which（1）先行词被①形容词最高级 ②序数词 ③数词几种词修饰或被 ④only、any、few、little、 no、all、one of等修饰时。（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.（4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。Which are the books that you bought for me ? 7、宜用which而不用that的情况（1）在非限制性定语从句中（2）在关系词前有介词时（3）当先行词本身是that时（4）当关系词离先行词较远时 8、关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词（1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。（2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时，关系词用who。（3）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。Who is that girl that is standing by the window?（4）whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。 9、whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。如：Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving ?There is a room, whose window faces the river.There is a room, the window of which faces the river. 10、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。（1）先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many（much）中，从句都用as 引导。Such books as you bought are useful.The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.注意：区别①such … that … 引导的结果状语从句。They are suchlovely children that we love them much.②the same … that … 引导定语从句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now.（2）无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。区别：①意义上：as 含有“这点正如……一样”。②位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。He didn’t pass the exam, as we had expected.There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.As is known, the earth is round, not flat. 11、关系副词when与where、why、thatwhen 指时间 = in / at / on / during whichwhere指地点 = in / at / from / whichwhy指原因 = for which当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用that作关系副词。（非正式场合）I don’t like the way that / in which / he talks.当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French. 12、必须注意的问题（1）关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。（2）注意区别定语从句与强调句。①定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。②强调it无意义，that / who不是引导词。③强调it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定语从句)It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（强调句）（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别。①定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语)We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定语)（4）关系词在从句中省略的情况。①关系词作宾语，前无介词时。②关系词作表语。（5）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。（6）关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。（7）几个特殊的定语从句句型：①He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.（句中one为先行词）He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（句中students为先行词）②Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday ?③He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.④It may rain, in which case the match will be put off. 二、精典名题导解 选择填空：1. The film brought the hours back to me _________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village. A.until B.that C.when D.where 解析：答案为C。本题考查分隔定语从句的关系词的选择。作好本题的关键是要能辨认出该定语从句的先行词the hours和关系词被介词短语to me所分隔。定语从句的先行词是表时间的名词hours, 并且关系词在从句中用作状语，故应选择表示时间的关系副词when。 2. ___________ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month A.It B.As C.That D.What 解析：答案为B。本题考查as引导的非限制定语从句。as作“正如……”解释，引导的非限制性定语从句来修饰整个句子。当as在从句中作主语时，常用于下列短语：as is known、as is said、as is reported、as is announced等。要注意掌握作关系代词引导定语从句的用法。 3. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ___________ he grew up as a child. A.which B.where C.that D.when 解析：答案为B。本题考查限制性定语从句中关系词的选择。定语从句的先行词是表示地点的名词短语the small town, 且关系词不作定语从句中的主语和宾语而作地点状语，因此定语从句必须用关系副词where引导。要注意分清先行词在从句中充当的成分，然后选择适当的关系词。查看更多1个回答 . 1人已关注
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