What are the properties and applications of 3,4-Dimethoxy-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione? 3,4-Dimethoxy-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione, also known as 3,4-二甲氧基-3-环丁烯-1,2-二酮, is a solid compound that appears gray-white to light brown at room temperature and pressure. It has high ring strain in its molecular structure, making it sparingly soluble in water but soluble in strong polar organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide, chloroform, and alcohol. This compound is classified as a cyclobutene ketone and is commonly used as an intermediate in organic synthesis and as a basic reagent in medicinal chemistry for the synthesis of formamide functional organic molecules. Physical and Chemical Properties The chemical reactivity of 3,4-Dimethoxy-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione mainly focuses on the methoxy units in the cyclobutene structure. It can undergo de-methoxylation amidation reactions in the presence of organic amine substances, which can be used for the preparation of cyclobutene amine derivatives. Additionally, the ketone carbonyl units in its structure exhibit strong electrophilicity and can undergo nucleophilic addition reactions with organic lithium reagents to yield corresponding cyclobutene alcohol derivatives. Amidation Reaction Figure 1: Amidation reaction of 3,4-Dimethoxy-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione In a dry reaction flask, 4-methoxyaniline (33 mmol, 4.1 g) is added to a methanol solution (60 mL) of 3,4-Dimethoxy-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione (4.3 g, 30 mmol). The reaction mixture is vigorously stirred at room temperature for approximately 24 hours. The progress of the reaction is monitored by TLC, and after completion, the solvent is removed under vacuum. The resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography using a eluent of hexane/ethyl acetate (v/v = 3:1, 200 mL) to obtain the target product of de-methoxy amidation. Chemical Applications 3,4-Dimethoxy-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione is primarily used as an organic synthesis intermediate. Its most common chemical transformation is deoxy amidation reaction, which can be used to synthesize compounds with specific biological activities, such as drug candidates and biomarkers, by adjusting reaction conditions and substrate structures. This type of reaction is widely applied in the structural modification and synthesis of formamide organic ligands and bioactive molecules, showing great potential in fundamental chemical research. References [1] Murata, Ryuichi; et al, Tetrahedron, 2021, 97, 132381.查看更多
人角膜成纤维细胞提取物的应用研究？ 人角膜成纤维细胞提取物是从正常人角膜结缔组织中分离出来的，具有多种功能。成纤维细胞是结缔组织中最常见的细胞之一，并且在角膜创伤修复中起着重要作用。角膜是位于眼球壁前端的透明纤维膜，具有高度透明性和光滑表面。角膜分为角膜本部和角膜缘部，组织学上分为五层。成纤维细胞是疏松结缔组织的主要细胞成分，具有明显的蛋白质合成和分泌活动。它对细胞变性、坏死、组织缺损和骨创伤的修复起着重要作用。 人角膜成纤维细胞提取物的实验研究 人角膜成纤维细胞提取物可用于白细胞介素1β诱导衰老成纤维细胞促进角膜新生血管形成的实验研究。研究了IL-1β对正常和衰老角膜成纤维细胞状态和基因表达的影响，以及IL-1β处理后正常和衰老成纤维细胞对血管内皮细胞增殖、迁移和成管能力的差异。同时，在体内观察了正常和衰老的成纤维细胞以及经IL-1β处理后的正常和衰老成纤维细胞对角膜新生血管生长的影响。 参考文献 [1]Different molecular weight hyaluronic acid effects on human macrophage interleukin 1βproduction[J].Larissa F.Baeva,Daniel B.Lyle,Maria Rios,John J.Langone,Marilyn M.Lightfoote.J.Biomed.Mater.Res..2014(2) [2]Interleukin-1 receptor role in the viability of corneal myofibroblasts[J].F.L.Barbosa,M.Lin,M.R.Santhiago,V.Singh,V.Agrawal,S.E.Wilson.Experimental Eye Research.2012(1) [3]Roles of IL-8 in Ocular Inflammations:A Review[J].Hassan Ghasemi,Tooba Ghazanfari,Roya Yaraee,Soghrat Faghihzadeh,Zuhair Mohammad Hassan.Ocular Immunology and Inflammation.2011(6) [4]Inhibition of Chemical Cautery–Induced Corneal Neovascularization by Topical Pigment Epithelium–Derived Factor Eyedrops[J].Ji Jin,Jian-Xing Ma,Ming Guan,Ke Yao.Cornea.2010(9) 查看更多
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