职称英语卫生类阅读理解中英文对照精选？ 职称英语卫生类阅读理解中英文对照精选 1. The need for effective public speaking will almost certainly touch you sometime in your life. When itdoes, you want to be ready. But even if you never give another speech in your life, you still have much to gain from studying public speaking. Your speech class will give you training in researching topics, organizing your ideas, and presenting yourself skillfully. The training is invaluable for every type of communication. 1、在你生活的某个时刻，几乎必定需要做某种有影响力的公开演讲。当这个时刻来到时，你希望自己十分有把握。但是，即便你从未发表过一个演讲，你仍然会从学习公共演说中获益良多。你的演讲课将会在研究主题、组织思路、和表现技巧方面对你进行训练。这种训练对任何类型的交流都是非常宝贵的。 2. There are many similarities between public speaking and daily conversation. The three major goals of speaking-to inform, to persuade, to entertain-are also the three major goals of everyday conversation. In conversation, almost without thinking about it, you employ a wide range of skills. You organize your ideas logically. You tailor your message to your audience. You tell a story for maximum impact. You adapt to feedback from your listener. These are among the most important skills you will need for public speaking. 2、在公开演讲和日常交谈之间有许多类似的东西。演说的三个主要目的是：传达、说服、吸引，这些也是日常交谈的三个主要目的。在交谈中，你已经不假思索地使用很多技巧。你有条理地组织你的观点，你根据听众修改信息。你选择讲述某个故事以取得最大的效果。你从听众的反馈中改变自己。这些是你在公开演讲时所需要的最重要的技巧。 3. Of course, public speaking is also different from conversation. First, public speaking is more highly structured than conversation. It usually imposes strict time limitations on the speaker, and it requires more detailed preparation than dose ordinary conversation. Second, speechmaking requires more formal language. Listeners react negatively to speeches loaded with slang, jargon, and bad grammar. Third, public speaking demands a different method of delivery. Effective speakers adjust their voices to the larger audience and work at avoiding distracting physical mannerism and verbal habits. 3、当然，公开演说不同于交谈。首先，公开演讲比交谈要有更高的组织结构性。公开演说者通常受严格的时间限制，故此它需要比普通交谈更细致的准备。其次，公开演说需要使用正式语言。听众对充满俚语、行话、和语法错误的讲话反应消极。第三，公开演说需要用一种不同声调和姿势。有影响力的演说者调整他的声调去面对大量的观众，力求避免分散人注意力的身体习惯动作，力求避免习惯性口头语。 4. One of the major concerns of students in any speech class is stage fright. Actually, most successful speakers are nervous before making a speech. Your speech class will give you an opportunity to gain confidence and make your nervousness work for you rather than against you. You will take a big step toward overcoming stage fright if you think positively, choose speech topics you really care about, prepare thoroughly, and concentrate on communicating with your audience. Like many students over the years, you too can develop confidence in your speechmaking abilities. 4 、在任何一个演讲教室里，学生最主要的担心之一就是怕上台。事实上，最成功的演说家在发表一场演讲之前也会紧张。你的演讲教室将给你一个获得信心的机会，让你的紧张的神经帮助你而不是阻碍你。如果你能这样积极地考虑，你将会朝着战胜怯场的方向迈进一大步：选择你真正关心的演讲主题，充分地准备，集中精力与你的听众沟通。如同过去的许多同学一样，你同样能够在你的演讲能力上提高信心。 5. The speech communication process as a whole includes seven elements-speaker, message, channel, listener, feedback, interference, and situation. The speaker is the person who initiates a speech transaction. Whatever the speaker communicates is the message, which is sent by means of a particular channel. The listener receives the communicated message and may provide feedback to the speaker. Interference is anything that impedes the communication of a message, and the situation is the time and place in which speech communication occurs. The interaction of these seven elements is what determines the outcome in any instance of speech communication. 5、语言交流的过程，整体而言包括七个要素：演说者、信息、沟通途径、听众、反馈、外界干扰、和现场形态。演说者是演讲事件的开始者。演说者传递的是信息，它必经某种特定沟通途径传送出去。听众接受传达到的信息，并且向演说者提供反馈。外界干扰是妨碍信息沟通的任何事物，而现场形态是演说发生的时间和地点。这七个要素的相互作用决定任何情况下演说交流的效果。 6. Because speechmaking is a form of power, it carries with it heavy ethical responsibilities. Ethical speakers use sound means to achieve sound goals. They do this by being well informed about their subjects by being honest in what they say, by using sound evidence, and by employing valid reasoning. 6、因为演讲是力量的一种表现形态，它承载着很重的道德责任。有道德的演说者用声音的方式去实现声音的目的。他们通过很好阐述他们的主题、通过诚实于他们所说的话、通过使用可靠的论据、以及通过正确的评论做这件事。 1. Alberta is located in the western part of Canada and is the westernmost among the Prairie Provinces. To its west is British Columbia while to its east is Saskatchewan. Its south borders on the U.S. state of Montana while its north borders on the Northwest Territories. Alberta is a most popular place for people to go to on their vacations because of its beautiful scenery. The Canadian Rockies running through it have earned for it the proud name of "Fifty Switzerland in One." 1、阿尔伯达省位于加拿大的西部，也是草原诸省中最西部的一个省份。它的西边是不列颠哥伦比亚省，东部是萨斯喀彻温省，它的南部与美国的蒙大拿州接壤，而北部则与西北地区相连。由于阿尔伯达省风景优美，人们都很喜欢去那里度假。纵贯全境的加拿大落矶山脉为它赢得了“集50个瑞士于一省”的美名。 2. With an area of approximately 255,212 square miles, equivalent to 661,000 square kilometers, it is the fourth largest province in Canada. Although it has a population of only 3.26 million, about one fifth of the population of Shanghai, it ranks also 4th in population among Canadian provinces. The province was named after Princess Louis Caroline Alberta, a daughter of Queen Victoria of England. It became a province of Canada in 1905. 2、该省面积约为255212平方英里，相当于661000平方公里，是加拿大第四大省。虽然它的人口只有326万，仅及上海人口的约五分之一，但在加拿大诸省中它的人口数也居第四位。阿尔伯达省是以英国维多利亚女皇的一个女儿路易斯·卡洛琳·阿尔伯达公主的名字命名的。它于1905年成为加拿大的一个省份。 3. The people of Alberta originally came from many different countries. More than half of the Albertans came from Britain. Others came from Austria, Russia and the Scandinavian countries. As only a small number were French Canadians, who migrated to Alberta from the eastern part of Canada, the major language spoken in the province is English, with the exception of a few bilingual towns north of Edmonton. Although there are only a limited number of Indians living on reservations now, two hundred years ago they were the only inhabitants in what is now called Alberta. 3、阿尔伯达省的人民最初来自很多不同的国家。其中一半以上来自英国，另一些人来自奥地利、俄国和斯堪地那维亚国家。由于只有少数从加拿大东部迁宋的法裔加拿大人，因此除了在埃德蒙顿北部有几个双语种小镇之外，该省所使用的主要语言是英语。现在，虽然只有人数有限的印第安人居住在保留地上，但是在两百多年前，他们是居住于现在称之为阿尔伯达省的唯一居民。 4. The first settlers of Alberta were cattle ranchers. Even now, raising cattle is still one of the leading branches of economy. But at present many more Albertans are farmers, who raise millions of tons of wheat, oats and barley, the also plant sugar beets and potatoes in the southern part of the province. In the northern part, like the Indians who lived there before them, the hunters trap such fur-bearing animals as squirrels, beavers and foxes. Alberta is also rich in forest resources, coal and oil. It is one of the main timber producing provinces in Canada. Owing to its rich deposit in oil, petroleum industry has become one of the most important industries of the province, with many oil fields and refineries. Alberta also produces more coal than any other province. 4 、阿尔伯达省的首批移民是牧场经营者。即使时至今日，畜牧业仍然是经济的主要部门之一。但现在阿尔伯达人中更多的是农民，他们生产成百万吨的小麦、燕麦和大麦。在该省的南部他们还种植甜菜和土豆。在北部，猎人们象生活在他们之前的印第安人一样捕捉毛皮兽，诸如松鼠、河狸和狐狸等。阿尔伯达还有丰富的森林资源、煤矿和石油。它是加拿大木材的主要生产省份之一。由于该省石油蕴藏量丰富，石油工业已成为该省最重要的工业主一，油田和炼油厂比比皆是。阿尔伯达出产的煤也多于其他任何省份。 5. The provincial capital Edmonton, with a population of about 1,016,000, is the second largest city in the province. The largest city is Calgary. In 1967, it had a population of about 330,000. But after a lapse of 40 years, it now has more than 1,060,000 inhabitants. The third largest city is Lethbridge, having a population of about 67,000 persons. People in those cities work in meat-packing plants, flour mills, dairies and refineries. Some work in canneries and beet-sugar factories. 5、省会埃德蒙顿人口约为101.6万，是该省第二大城市。第一大城市是卡尔加里，1967年的人口是33万，但时隔40年之后，它的居民总数已超过106万。第三大城市是莱斯桥，约有人口6、7万。这些城市的居民大多在肉类加工厂、面粉厂、乳制品厂和炼油厂工作。有的则在罐头食品厂和甜菜制糖厂工作。 6. The climate in Alberta is pleasant, particularly in summer, when the average temperature is about 60 degrees Fahrenheit. In winter, it is much colder and in the north, the temperature can drop to 20 degrees below zero. Although the best season for traveling is the summer months of June, July and August, many tourists are attracted to the first rate skiing ground at the resorts of Banff and Jasper. 6、阿尔伯达气候宜人，特别是夏天，平均气温为华氏60度左右。冬天的气候则要冷得多，北部的气温有时可降到零下20度。虽说旅游的最佳季节是6、7、8月的夏季，但是旅游胜地班夫和嘉思帕的第一流的滑雪场地也吸引了很多游客。 7. Alberta is located in the Mountain Standard Time Zone. 12 o'clock at Noon in Edmonton is 2 p.m. Eastern Standard Time. 7、阿尔伯达位于山地标准时时区。埃德蒙顿中午12点即东部标准时间下午2点。 1. In speaking to you, men of the greatest city of the West, men of the State which gave to the country Lincoln and Grant, men who preeminently and distinctly embody all that is most American in the American character, I wish to preach not the doctrine of ignoble ease but the doctrine of the strenuous life; the life of toil and effort; of labor and strife; to preach that highest form of success which comes not to the man who desires mere easy peace but to the man who does not shrink from danger, from hardship, of from bitter toil, and who out of these wins the splendid ultimate triumph. 1、在向你们——西部最大城市的公民，为国家培育了林肯和格兰特的国家的公民，最能体现美国精神的公民—讲话时，我想谈的不是贪图安逸的人生哲学，而是要向你们宣讲勤奋生活论——即过勤奋苦干的生活，过忙碌奋斗的生活。我想说，成功的最高境界不属于满足安逸的人们，而是属于那些在艰难险阻面前从不畏惧终获辉煌的人们。 2. The timid man, the lazy man, the man who distrusts his country, the overcivilized man, who has lost the great fighting, masterful virtues, the ignorant man and the man of dull mind, whose soul is incapable of feeling the mighty lift that thrills "stem men with empires in their brains"—all these, of course, shrink from seeing the nation undertake its new duties; shrink from seeing us build a navy and army adequate to our needs; shrink from seeing us do our share of the world's work by bringing order out of chaos in the great, fair tropic islands from which the valor of our soldiers and sailors has driven the Spanish flag. These are the men who fear the strenuous life, who fear the only national life which is really worth leading. They believe in that cloistered life which saps the hardy virtues in a nation, as it saps them in the individual; or else they are wedded to that base spirit of gain and greed which recognizes in commercialism the be-all and end-all of national life, instead of realizing that, though an indispensable element, it is after all but one of the many elements that go to make up true national greatness. No country can long endure if its foundations are not laid deep in the material prosperity which comes from hard unsparing effort in the fields of industrial activity; but neither was any nation ever yet truly great if it relied upon material prosperity alone. All honor must be paid to the architects of our material prosperity; to the great captains of industry who have built our factories and our railroads; to the strong men who toil for wealth with brain or hand; for great is the debt of the nation to these and their kind. But our debt is yet greater to the men whose highest type is to be found in a statesman like Lincoln, a soldier like Grant. They showed by their lives that they recognized the law of work, the law of strife; they toiled to win a competence for themselves and those dependent upon them; but they recognized that there were yet other and even loftier duties—duties to the nation and duties to the race. 2、凡怯懦、懒惰、不相信祖国的人，谨小慎微丧失坚强斗志的“文明过头”的人、混沌无知的人、思想僵化的人、不能像刚毅有抱负的人那样被鼓舞振奋的人——总之，当看到国家有新的责任要承担，当看到祖国正在建立足以满足需要的海陆军，当看到英勇的士兵和水手在美丽的热带岛屿上驱逐西班牙势力，承担起应尽的世界责任，恢复当地秩序——当看到这一切时，所有这些人都退缩了。就是这样一些人，他们害怕过勤奋的生活，害怕过真正值得过的国民的生活。他们相信与世隔绝的生活，任由这种生活在侵蚀他们个人吃苦耐劳品德的同时，也侵蚀了一个民族的吃苦耐劳精神。若不然，他们就沉迷于惟利是图、贪得无厌的卑污泥潭而不能自拔，认为国家应一切以商业利益为根本。但他们却不明白，商业利益固然是不可或缺的因素，然而毕竟只是造就真正伟大国家的许多因素之一。诚然，如果一个国家不是深深扎根于其工业活动领域的艰苦努力所带来的繁荣的物质基础之中，那么这个国家也不可能长久地生存下去。但是，如果仅仅依赖于物质财富，任何国家也永远不会成为真正伟大的国家。我们应该向那些创造了物质财富的人们致敬，向那些创建了工厂和铁路的实业巨头们致敬，向那些用勤劳和智慧换取财富的强者们致敬;国家很感激他们以及和他们一样的人。但是，我们更感激另外一些人，他们的最佳楷模就是林肯那样的政治家和格兰特那样的军人。他们的生活轨迹表明，他们清楚工作和斗争的法则，他们含辛茹苦，使自己和依赖他们生活的人们过上了富足的生活，而且他们懂得还有更崇高的责任—对国家和民族的责任。 3. I preach to you, then, my countrymen, that our country calls not for the life of ease, but for the life of strenuous endeavor. The twentieth century looms before us big with the fate of many nations. If we stand idly by, if we seek merely swollen, slothful ease, and ignoble peace, if we shrink from the hard contests where men must win at hazard of their lives and at the risk of all they hold dear, then the bolder and stronger peoples will pass us by and will win for themselves the domination of the world. Let us therefore boldly face the life of strife, resolute to do our duty well and manfully; resolute to uphold righteousness by deed and by word; resolute to be both honest and brave, to serve high ideals, yet to use practical methods. Above all, let us shrink from no strife, moral or physical, within or without the nation, provided we are certain that the strife is justified; for it is only through strife, through hard and dangerous endeavor, that we shall ultimately win the goal of true national greatness. 3、所以同胞们，我要讲的是，我们的国家要求我们不能好逸恶劳，而只能过刻苦勤奋的生活。迫在眉睫的20世纪将决定许多国家的命运。假如我们只是一味地袖手旁观、贪图享乐、苟且偷安，假如我们面临激烈的竞争考验时不是冒着牺牲个人生命和失去亲人的危险去赢得胜利，而是落荒而逃的话，那么，更勇敢坚强的民族就会超越我们，得以统领世界。因此，让我们勇敢地面对充满斗争考验的生活，下定决心卓越而果断地履行我们的职责;下定决心无论在语言还是行动上都坚持正义;下定决心诚实勇敢地以切实可行的方法为崇高的理想服务。最重要的是，无论是精神还是物质的斗争，无论是国内还是国外的斗争，只要我们确定正义在手，我们就绝不能逃避退缩。因为只有通过斗争，通过艰苦和充满危险的努力，我们才能最终达到目标—成为真正伟大的国家。 1. On the night of August 17, 1959, at about 20 minutes before midnight, the ground in the vicinity of Yellowstone National Park began shaking violently. At the time there was a rumbling sound, something like a huge truck would make. Both the heaving of the ground and the noise were very frightening but lasted not quite 45 seconds. 1、1959年8月17日的晚上，大约午夜前20分钟，黄石国家公园附近大地开始猛烈摇动。同时，大地发出如同重型卡车发出的轰响。大地的升降和啸叫都令人非常害怕，但是一切不超过45秒。 2. What was even more frightening was the sound of huge boulders which began rolling down the steep mountain. In one part of the upper reaches of the Madison River, a whole mountain began shifting, then came crashing down to fill the deep valley and dam the great river with millions of tons rock and trees. 2、更令人害怕的是巨石开始从陡峭的山上滚下来的声音。在麦迪生河上游的一条支流处，一整座山开始移动，之后，它崩塌下来填满深深的山谷，上百万吨岩石和大树如坝般阻挡住大河。 3. A dozen or more campers along the river were buried deep beneath the great landslide. Others were able to climb to safety, some of them badly hurt, but were trapped by the slide. Finally these people were saved, many of them by helicopter. 3、十几个，或许更多沿河的露营者被深埋在大滑坡下。幸存的野营者开始爬向较安全的地方，其中一些人伤得很重，仍然不时陷入滑坡。最后这些人都获救了，其中多人得救于直升飞机。 4. This earthquake near Yellowstone Park was just one of nearly a million that happen every year all over the world. And as bad as this quake was, many have been worse. Earthquake experts say that the Yellowstone quake of 1959 was about as bad as the one which hit San Francisco in 1906.But the San Francisco quake caused more damage because it struck in a place where there were so many people living. In San Francisco 700 person lost their lives. An earthquake in Japan in 1923 took 160,000 lives. In china in 1920 an earthquake took 200,000 lives. It is easy to understand why earthquake are so feared. 4、在黄石公园附近发生的地震，仅仅是每年全世界发生的上百万次地震中的一次。若就地震灾害而论，有许多地震甚至更严重。地震专家说，1959年的黄石的地震，差不多相当于1906年发生在旧金山的地震。旧金山地震造成更多的破坏，他发生在人口密集地方。在旧金山约700人丧命。1923年发生在日本的地震夺走了16万人的生命。1920年一场大地震发生在中国，20万人死亡。因此，很容易理解人们为什么非常恐惧地震。 5. What causes these terrible shakes of the very ground on which we live? 5、是什么原因造成我们生活的这块土地发生可怕的摇动? 6. To answer that question we must first understand some things about the earth itself. Forty miles deep in the earth is the edge of the outer crust of the earth, and there it is so hot that instead of hard rock there is material much like the hot lava that a volcano erupts. It is the earth's 40 mile deep crust with which we are concerned when we seek the cause of earthquake. The earth's crust is formed of many different layers of rocks. The layers of rocks are not laid evenly, as a bricklayer would build a wall. Instead, the earth's crust is made of rock layers that are often uneven and not perfectly balanced. Because of the great weight pressing down on them, these layers tend to fold downward at weak spots, and this finally causes an actual break in the crust. When this break occurs, or when the sides of an old break slip, the earth quakes, or shakes, while the crust is settling into a new position. 6 、要回答这个问题，必须首先要了解关于地球自身的某些事物。地表面下40英里深，是地球外壳的边缘，此处非常之热，如同火山喷出的岩浆般的物质替代了坚硬的岩石。若我们寻求地震的原因，这40英里地壳恰恰是我们应该关心的地带。地壳由很多不同岩石层构成。而岩层并不像建筑工人建的墙一样均匀地平整铺开，相反的，岩层构成的地壳也往往是不均匀且不是完美平衡的。由于巨大重量向下压岩层，使它趋于在它的薄弱点处往下折叠，这最后将造成地壳里的某处断裂。当断裂发生时，或者旧的断裂块滑动时，地球震动、摇动，以使地壳安排它进入一个新位置。 7. Sometime these faults are very small, and we then feel only little tremor. The tremor may even be so light that only the most delicate machine will record it. Most earthquakes are of this weak kind. Sometimes a break in the earth's crust comes about, which starts such a landslide as the which occurred in Madison Canyon. It then takes not one, but many shakes for the earth to heal the fault and settle. That is why many after-shocks follow a major earthquake. Sometimes these go on for several years. 7、有些时候这些断裂非常小，我们仅仅能感到微小的颤动。这种颤动甚至轻到最精密的设备才可能记录它们。大多数地震属于这种类型。也有些时候地壳的一个断裂发生了，引起如同在麦迪生峡谷发生的大滑坡。这种大地震往往不是一次，而是很多次的移动，使地球去修补裂缝和调整(岩层的)姿态。这就是为什么很多余震紧跟在一个大地震之后。有时这种情况要持续多年。 8. Some Parts of the earth are more likely to have quakes then others. This is usually true of mountainous country, because there the layers of rocks which make up the earth's crust are not at all even. But quakes may often be felt in level country, too, because the waves which come from the center of a quake run often for thousands of miles. 8、地球的某部分比其它部分更容易发生地震。山地国家往往这样。山地区域构成地壳的岩层特别不均匀。但是，平原国家也会经常感觉到地震，因为从震源发出的震波往往可以传出上千里。 9. It is easy to understand why man is so frightened by an earthquake. People used to think that when there was an earthquake, the ground opened, swallowed great numbers of people, and then closed, leaving no trace of those who perished. We know now this does not happen. 9、很容易理解为什么人特别害怕地震。人们过去认为，当某个地方发生了地震，即大地裂开，吞下大量的人，然后又合上，人们被不留痕迹地毁灭。现在我们知道这一切从来不曾发生。 10. What we need to fear most are the after-effects of a bad earthquake: fires, flood, and landslides. Since the Yellowstone earthquake some people have said that they would never go to that area for fear of being caught in a landslide such as occurred after the earthquake. That is foolish. Such a fear would keep us from mountains the rest of our lives. Even though earthquakes happen every day, an occurrence like the Madison River landslide does not happen very often. We can realize gratefully that few of us will suffer because of such disaster. At the same time we can understand the need of being ready to help those who do suffer such trouble. 1. A small boy lay flat on his stomach in the royal garden of the King of Hawaii. Looking into the water and very excited, young Austin Strong saw shapes of double-tailed goldfish- a recent gift from the Emperor of Japan to His Oceanic Majesty, King Kalakaua. Austin lowered a bent pin attached to a piece of string. 1、一个小男孩趴在夏威夷国王的皇家花园的地上，小奥斯汀·斯特朗非常激动地望着水里，因为他看到了形状各异的双尾金鱼，它是日本天皇送给夏威夷国王陛下卡拉卡瓦的一个新礼物。奥斯汀放下一个细绳系住的弯针。 2. A few minutes later he ran from the park, a royal goldfish flopping inside the crown of his straw hat. But on the road he heard a horse and carriage. It stopped. He was caught. 2、几分钟后他从公园里跑出来，一条宝贵的金鱼躺在他的草帽壳里。但是，他听到了路上有马车的声音。马车停下来，他被抓住了。 3. The frightened boy was led to the carriage. In it was King Kalakaua himself. Austin told of his crime. He had stolen the fancy goldfish. 3、受惊的孩子被领到马车前。在马车里的是卡拉卡瓦国王本人。奥斯汀承认了自己的罪过，他偷了奇异的金鱼。 4. Austin expected to be shot on the spot. Instead, the king sent a runner for fresh water. Placing the fish in the bowl, he presented it to the boy and took them home. The next day came an envelope with the royal seal. Inside was a letter signed by King Kalakaua giving Austin the right to fish in the royal park for the rest of his life. 4、奥斯汀预料自己会被当场枪毙。然而，国王派了个快腿的人去取来新鲜水，然后把金鱼放在碗里，把它送给了那个男孩并把他们送回家。第二天奥斯汀收到一件用皇家印记密封的信封。里面是卡拉卡瓦国王签署信，他授予奥斯汀可以终身在皇家花园钓鱼的权利。 5. Today fish collecting is still an exciting hobby in the Unite States. More the 20 million Americans own pet fish. Some raise plain or fancy goldfish, some collect fish found nearby. But the majority stock their tanks with "tropicals"-guppies and gouramies, bettas and angelfish, or others of the more than 150 kinds. 5、在今天的美国，养鱼依然是一种激动人心的爱好。有超过两千万的美国人拥有自己的观赏鱼。一些人养普通或者奇特的金鱼，一些人喂养在附近捕到的鱼。但是，鱼缸中最主要的品种是“热带鱼”—虹鳉和丝足鱼，贝塔和天使鱼，或者其它什么鱼，超过一百五十种。 6. Fish collectors pay from 19 cents for a guppy to $100 or more for hard-to-breed fish. They subscribe to such magazines as The Aquarium, and join clubs. They also spend more than a million dollars a year for fish, tanks, planes(应为plants), sand, shells, food and gadgets for heating and cleaning aquariums. 6、养鱼爱好者可以为虹鳉支付19美分，也可能为某种难以繁殖的鱼付一百多美元。他们订阅诸如“水族馆”这样的杂志，并且加入俱乐部。他们一年花费超过一百万美元，用于鱼、鱼缸、水草、沙子、贝壳、鱼食，以及用于加热和清洁鱼缸的器具。 7.Collecting tropical fish dates back to World War Ⅱ in this country. But raising of pet fish goes back to the early days of the Sung Dynasty in China, about 900 A.D., when they were raised in small bottles as house pets. 7、在(美国)这个国家里，收养热带鱼的习惯可以追溯到第二次世界大战。但是，人们饲养观赏鱼可以追溯到中国宋朝早期，大约公元900年左右。当时，观赏鱼作为家庭宠物饲养在小瓶子里。 8. They chose a small member of carp family, Carassius auratus, better known as the goldfish. From them they obtained different shaped and colored fish. There developed more than 100 beautiful kinds with such names as Falling Flowers, Seven Stars, Eight Melon Seeds, Piled-up-Gold, As Europeans began to go the Far East in numbers during the 17th century, it happened that they too grew to like the little carp. A jar-full of goldfish was then taken on a long sea trip back to London in 1665.By the late 18th century the fish were widely popular in England and soon the goldfish bowl was seen in many homes. 8、人们选择了鲤鱼族的一个小成员，CARASSIUSAURATUS,如同金鱼一样很早就被人所熟识了。从它开始，久而久之，人们获得了种种不同外形和色彩的观赏鱼。观赏鱼种类扩展到一百个美丽的品种，它们有的带着奇特的名字：落花、七星、八颗瓜子、 黄金 细毛等等。十七世纪，大批的欧洲人开始去远东，奇怪的是他们也开始喜欢这种小鲤鱼。于是在1665年，一个装满了金鱼的坛子经过漫长的海上旅行被带到伦敦。到18世纪晚期，在英国喂养这种金鱼已经很流行，在许多家庭都能看到金鱼碗。 9. In 1853 the world's first public aquarium- The Regent's Park Fish House- was opened. So far, home aquarium contained only goldfish or other local plant life. Then from the Amazon and the Congo, from Pacific Island and West Indian reefs, scientists began to send home hundreds of strange, beautiful fish. Many of them have become popular pets. They are called tropicals. 9、1853年，世界第一个公共水族馆：REGENT公园观赏鱼之家开放了。不过，到此时为止，家庭的水族馆仍然仅仅喂养金鱼和其它本地水生植物。之后，科学家们带给水族馆数以百计奇特而美丽的鱼，它们来自世界各地：从亚马孙河到刚果，从太平洋岛到西印度暗礁。它们之中的许多品种已经成为流行宠物。人们叫它热带鱼。 10. Today a busy aquarium store may sell up to $20,000 worth of fish in a good year. The most sold are still tropicals, especially guppies, swordtails and millies, which people like because of their bright colors and because they provide the tank with new young fish. 10、如今，一所兴旺的水族商店在好年份一年可以销掉价值两万美元的观赏鱼。大部分卖出的依然是热带鱼，尤其是虹鳉，剑尾鱼和米莉。人们喜欢这些鱼的明亮颜色，而且它们能给水族馆提供新的年轻的生命。 1. Speaking English fluently and accurately is a goal of many people studying English in China. Fluency can be simply defined as "being able to communicate ideas without having to stop and think too much about what one is saying"; speaking accurately means "speaking without errors of grammar and vocabulary". 1、流利并准确地说英语是中国许多英语学习者的一个目标。流利可简单也定义为“具有交流各种思想的能力，无须停下来对话题进行过多思考”。说舌准确的意思是“说话不犯语法错误和词汇错误”。 2. The problem is that many students find that if they try to speak fast, they make more mistakes. And, if they slow down, there may be fewer errors but it can sound unnatural. So, how do balance accuracy and fluency in spoken English? 2、问题在于：许多学生发现，如果他们试图讲得快，所犯错误就更多。如果他们讲话速度放慢，错误可能会减少，可是听上去就不自然。所以，英语口语的准确与流利，如何才能平衡起来呢? 3. It can depend on the manner in which one has studied English in the past. People who tend to focus on accuracy may find that they worry too much about making mistakes. This can make them nervous or embarrassed about speaking English in public. As a result, their spoken English might not improve. This means that, although they know English grammar and vocabulary well, they might not be able to hold a good conversation. 3、这可能取决于一个人过去学习英语的态度。那些往往注重于说话准确的人们可能会发现，他们对犯错误操心过多。这可能导致他们在公众场合说英语感到紧张或尴尬。所以，他们的英语口语可能得不到提高。这就意味着，尽管他们掌握了英语语法，也熟悉英语词汇，他们可能不能成功地开展对话。 4. On the other hand, there are those who really like to talk and are willing to try their language out even if they make mistakes. This willingness to take risks helps them speak more fluidly. But, if they make a lot of mistakes, they may find it difficult to get their ideas across. 4、另一方面，有一些人真的很喜欢说话，而且就算讲错，他们都愿意试着说。这种敢于冒险的意愿帮助他们说得更流利。但是如果他们讲话错误百出，就会觉得很难表达自己的思想。 5. The debate about which is more important—fluency or accuracy—in the English language has lasted for a long time. Still, one thing is clear: speaking a language well needs both fluency and accuracy. How can we be sure that we can develop both? The following tips could help. 5、讲英语流利重要还是准确重要，关于这个问题的辩论持续了很长时间。然而，有一点是明确的，即说好一门语言既要流利又要准确。如何才能做到讲话既流利又准确呢?下面的建议也许会有所帮助。 6. Find the problem. What kind of person are you—one who focuses on accuracy or one who focuses on frequency? The first step is to recognize your problem and go to work on it. Think about situations where you've used English and how you felt about making mistakes? Do you always try some new language even though it might not be correct? Or do you feel embarrassed by mistakes? 6 、发现问题。你属于怎样的一类人?—你注重说话准确还是注重说话流利?第一步是认识到你的问题，然后着手解决问题。回想一下你使用过英语的若干情景，你对说错有何感受?即使你不一定说得对，你经常试着讲某种新学的语言吗?你是否因犯错误而感到困窘呢? 7. Focus on one problem at a time. When you speak English, find the mistakes you make most often. One mistake Chinese often make is omitting the "s" from the third person singular verb. Or you may speak too slowly as if you were searching for the right word and correct grammar. The next time you use English, try to work on those problems you have identified. If it's fluency, try to focus on it. If you have a problem with the third person singular, try to concentrate on when you make such errors. Don't spend time thinking about other mistakes. By choosing an area to work on, you can isolate problems and help yourself overcome them. 7、一次关注一个问题。当你说英语时，找到你最常犯的错误。中国人常犯的一个错误是第三人称单数动词漏掉“s”。或者你可能说得太慢，好像你在寻找合适的单词和正确的语法似的。你下一次使用英语时，力求改正那些你已经认识到的问题。如果是流利的问题，那就力求讲快些。如果你的问题是在第三人称单数，那就尽力专注于你犯此类错误的时候。不要费时思考其他错误。选定解决问题的范畴，你就能使问题孤立起来，各个击破，这样有助于自己克服问题。 8. Vary your practice. If you go to an English comer or an English club, try to change the types of activities you take part in so that you practice both fluency and accuracy. Public speaking allows you to slow down and be sure you have time to concentrate on the language. Meanwhile, discussions are good practice for fluency, especially if you don't stop each time a mistake is made. 8、参加各种实践活动。如果你去参加英语角或英语俱乐部，设法改变你参加的活动类型，以便训练英语的流利性和准确性。公共演讲会使你放慢速度，并保证你有时间关注语言。同时，讨论是很好的训练流利的实践活动，如果你不是一出错就停，更是如此。 9. Learn the difference between fluency and speed. Some Chinese think that speaking fast is the same as speaking fluently. In fact, speaking fluently involves not only speed. It also involves stress, pronunciation and intonation. If you make a mistake in these, speaking fast will only make it worse. Don't sacrifice understanding for speed. 9、弄懂流利与速度的差异。有些中国人认为。说话迅速就是说话流利。事实上，说话流利不仅需要说话速度，它同时还涉及重音、语音和语调。如果你在这些方面犯有错误，那么说得快只会使你错得更厉害。不要为了速度而牺牲理解。 10. Try recording yourself. Take a tape recorder and record a conversation with a friend or a speech or monologue as you do it naturally! A two-or-three-minute recording is enough. When you've finished, listen to yourself. Can you identify and correct any errors? Make it a regular practice. The more you record yourself, the more confident and natural sounding you will become. 10 、自己尝试录音。用录音机录下你与朋友的对话，或录下你自己的落落大方的演讲或独白。录音两三分钟就足够了。录音完毕，专心倾听你自己的录音。你能辨认并矫正错误吗 ? 把这种录音当做常规练习。你自己录音越多，你就越有自信，你的英语听上去会更自然。 查看更多0个回答 . 4人已关注
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