专门替中国人写的英语语法? 第一章 英文文法的最基本规则 英文和我们中文最大的不同,是在动词,我们中文的动词很简单,没有所谓的第几人称,也没有复数和单数之分,更没有过去式或进行式,英文可不同了,凡是用动词的时候,必须注意很多很多的规则,一旦弄错了,常常是犯了大错。 在这一章,我要将英文最基本的规则一一列下。这些规则都是我们中国人所常常不注意的。 为了不要误导读者,凡本书内错误的句子前面都有〝*〞的符号。 规则(1):两个动词是不能联在一起用的 。 在中文,我们常说 “ 我是爱你的 ” ,翻成英文,这就变成了 * I am love you. 滑稽的是,这句英文句子犯了大忌,因为〝 am 〞是动词,〝 love 〞也是动词,两个动词是不能联在一起用的。这句话的正确说法是: I love you. 或者 I am in love with you. 我们中国人也会说〝我喜欢看电视〞,翻成英文,这变成 * I love watch television. 这个句子也犯了同样的错。 以下几个句子都是错的,因为这些句子中都有两个动词连在一起的情形: * I hate eat fish. * I love play basketball. * I love swim. 如果你一定要讲 “ 我爱游泳 ” ,怎么办呢?请看以下的规则。 规则(2):如一定要同时用两个动词,后者的前面必须加 “to” 或者将后者加入 “ing” 。 “ 我爱游泳 ” ,因此有两种正确的译法: I love to swim. I love swimming. 以下的句子都是正确的: I hate to eat fish. I hate eating fish. I love to play basketball. I love playing basketball I keep going to church. 规则(3):主词如果是第三人称,现在式及单数,动词必须加 s. 我们中国人最不容易记得的规则,恐怕就是这一条了,以下的句子都是错的。 * He write very well. * Jack love playing the violin. * Mary swim every day. 正确的句子是: He writes very well. Jack loves playing the violin. Mary swims every day. 规则(4):绝大多数的否定的句子,不能直接加 “not” 。 我们中文对否定语气,规则极为简单,我们可以说 “ 我不爱你 ” ,但是我们不能说 * I not love you. 我们也不能说: * I not saw that movie. * I not like swimming. * He not likes playing violin. 我们必须用一种助动词来完成否定的句子,以下才是正确的否定句子: I do not love you. I did not see that movie. He does not like playing violin. 请注意,在以上的句子中, do 和 did 都是助动词, do 是现在式, did *去式。 关于现在式和过去式,究竟是怎么一回事,以后我们会解释清楚的。 助动词不限于 “do” 和它的变型, can 、 will 、 would 、 shall 、 may 、 must 等等都是助动词,因此,以下的英文句子又都是对的: He can not swim. They will not go to church tomorrow. Mary should not go to the party. I shall not see you. He may not go out tonight. He must not eat meat any more. 规则(5):在不定词 “to” 的后面,必须用原形动词 英文中的动词,是会变化的,以 have 为例,第一人称和第三人就不同: I have a dog. He has a dog. 如果*去式,动词又要变化。 have 的过去式是 had ,不论第几人称,一概都要用 had 。 几乎每一个英文动词的过去式都有变化,以下是几个例子: 现在式 过去式 go went come came eat ate play played swim swam 不论那一个动词,都有一个原形动词,一切都是从这个原形动词变出来的,像 go 、 drink 、 have 、 walk 、 love 、 like 等等都是原形动词。 如果我们有必要要用不定词 to ,就必须用原形动词,例如 to go 、 to drink 、 to have , 都是正确的,* to went ;* to drank ;* to loved 等等都是错的。 英文中有一个动词最为麻烦,那就是 am 、 are 、 is 、 was 、 were 等等,翻译成中文,这都是,而这些动词的来源都是 be ,所以我们说这些动词都是 verb to be 。 以下的句子都用上了〝 be 〞 I want to be a teacher. He wants to be a good father. They all love to be rich. No one likes to be poor. 规则(6):英文中有所谓的助动词。必须注意 英文中有很多动词都是助词动,在规则(4)中,我们说在绝大多数的否定语句中,必须用助动词 do 或 did 。 Do 是原形动词, did 和 does 都是 do 的变形。 除了 do 是助动词以外, can 、 may 、 might 、 will 、 would 、 must 也都是助动词。 以上所提到的助动词,都有一个共同的特色,那就是这些助动词后的动词必须是原形动词,以下的句子都是正确的: He can swim. He does not swim. I do not speak English. You must walk to work every day. I did not work yesterday. You may leave now. I will go to Taipei tomorrow. 以下的句子都是错的: * I did not went. * He does not goes to work. * You must walked to work. 除了以上的助动词以外,还有一个非常特殊的助动词,那就是 have ,在这个助动词的后面,动词绝对不能用原形动词,以下是用这个助动词的例子: I have been to England. I have slept all day. I have studied English since I was a child. been 、 slept 和 studied 都*去分词( past participle ),以下的句子也都是现在完成式,我们后讨论完成式的时候,会将这些解释清楚的。 规则(7):英文问句要有助动词 我们先看看以下的英文句子,这些都是错的: * How many books you wrote ? * How many sons you have ? 正确的句子是: Why do you drink so much water ? How many books did you write ? How many sons do you have ? 绝大多数的英文问句子是一定要有助动词,以下全是正确的英文问句,你可以看出每一句的助动词吗? Do you love me ? Did you go to school yesterday ? How many books do you have ? How much money does he have ? Why don’t you go back home ? Do you like to swim ? Can you play violin ? Will you go home tomorrow ? Would you give me a call ? 当然啦,一旦动词是 verb to be ,我们又不需要助动词了,以下都是正确的英文问句: Are you a teacher? Is he a student? Is Mr. Chang your father? Were your mother and father in England last year? 规则(8):特殊动词随主词的变化 英文中,有些动词因主词不同而改变, verb to be 是其中之一,因此,我们必须记得以下的规则: 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 现在式 单数 I am You are ( He , She , It ) is 复数 We are You are They are 过去式 单数 I was You were ( He , She , It ) was 复数 We were You were They were Verb to have 也有类似的变化: 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 现在式 单数 I have You have ( He , She , It ) has 复数 We have You have They have 过去式 单数 I had You had ( He , She , It ) had 复数 We had You had They had 【练习一】 以下的句子都有错,请将正确的句子写出来: 1. * I am like my parent. 2. * He is loves his teacher. 3. * He keeps swim every day. 4. * He wants drink a glass of water. 5. * He likes play violin. 6. * Jack do not love mathematics. 7. * Mary hate singing. 8. * My mother cook very good food. 9. * He want me to see him tomorrow. 10. * He not knows my name. 11. * I not like you. 12. * He not like swimming. 13. * You not went home. 14. * I not like swimming. 15. * I wanted to went to my mother’s home. 16. * I do not like to swimming. 17. * I did not ate dinner. 18. * I will not went home. 19. * He did not went home. 20. * You may leaving now. 21. * He can swimming. 22. * He does not goes to work. 查看更多3个回答 . 2人已关注